---
title: "15-BLAST-pycno"
output: html_document
date: "2025-03-05"
---
Rmd to run BLAST on _P. helianthoides_ genome to annotate it. 

Will use the example code provided at [Roberts Lab - resources - bio-Annotation](https://robertslab.github.io/resources/bio-Annotation/)

Specifically: [https://robertslab.github.io/tusk/modules/04-blast.html](https://robertslab.github.io/tusk/modules/04-blast.html) 

The genome fasta lives:  
`../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna`

```{r}
library(Biostrings)
library(reshape2)
```

# Create Database
```{r}
current_time <- format(Sys.time(), "%B %d, %Y %H:%M:%S")
cat("current date and time is ", current_time)
```

```{bash}
pwd
```

```{bash}
cd ../data
curl -O https://ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot/current_release/knowledgebase/complete/uniprot_sprot.fasta.gz
mv uniprot_sprot.fasta.gz uniprot_sprot_r2023_04.fasta.gz
gunzip -k uniprot_sprot_r2023_04.fasta.gz
```

make the database
```{bash}
mkdir ../blastdb
/home/shared/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/makeblastdb \
-in ../data/uniprot_sprot_r2023_04.fasta \
-dbtype prot \
-out ../blastdb/uniprot_sprot_r2023_01
```

# Query Fasta File
as noted above, it lives: `../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna`

```{bash}
head -3 ../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna
```

```{bash}
echo "How many sequences are there?"
grep -c ">" ../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna
```

Read in the fasta file: 
```{r}
# Read FASTA file
fasta_file <- "../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna"  # Replace with the name of your FASTA file
sequences <- readDNAStringSet(fasta_file)

# Calculate sequence lengths
sequence_lengths <- width(sequences)

# Create a data frame
sequence_lengths_df <- data.frame(Length = sequence_lengths)

# Plot histogram using ggplot2
ggplot(sequence_lengths_df, aes(x = Length)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, color = "grey", fill = "blue", alpha = 0.75) +
  labs(title = "Histogram of Sequence Lengths",
       x = "Sequence Length",
       y = "Frequency") +
  theme_minimal()
```

```{r}
# Read FASTA file
fasta_file <- "../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna"
sequences <- readDNAStringSet(fasta_file)

# Calculate base composition
base_composition <- alphabetFrequency(sequences, baseOnly = TRUE)

# Convert to data frame and reshape for ggplot2
base_composition_df <- as.data.frame(base_composition)
base_composition_df$ID <- rownames(base_composition_df)
base_composition_melted <- reshape2::melt(base_composition_df, id.vars = "ID", variable.name = "Base", value.name = "Count")

# Plot base composition bar chart using ggplot2
ggplot(base_composition_melted, aes(x = Base, y = Count, fill = Base)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge", color = "black") +
  labs(title = "Base Composition",
       x = "Base",
       y = "Count") +
  theme_minimal() +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("A" = "green", "C" = "blue", "G" = "yellow", "T" = "red"))
```

```{r}
# Read FASTA file
fasta_file <- "../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna"
sequences <- readDNAStringSet(fasta_file)

# Count CG motifs in each sequence
count_cg_motifs <- function(sequence) {
  cg_motif <- "CG"
  return(length(gregexpr(cg_motif, sequence, fixed = TRUE)[[1]]))
}

cg_motifs_counts <- sapply(sequences, count_cg_motifs)

# Create a data frame
cg_motifs_counts_df <- data.frame(CG_Count = cg_motifs_counts)

# Plot CG motifs distribution using ggplot2
ggplot(cg_motifs_counts_df, aes(x = CG_Count)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 1, color = "black", fill = "blue", alpha = 0.75) +
  labs(title = "Distribution of CG Motifs",
       x = "Number of CG Motifs",
       y = "Frequency") +
  theme_minimal()
```

# Run BLASTx
```{bash}
/home/shared/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/blastx \
-query ../data/ncbi_dataset/data/GCA_032158295.1/GCA_032158295.1_ASM3215829v1_genomic.fna \
-db ../blastdb/uniprot_sprot_r2023_01 \
-out ../output/15-BLAST-pycno/Phel_genome_blastout.tab \
-evalue 1E-20 \
-num_threads 20 \
-max_target_seqs 1 \
-outfmt 6
```