# go_term

go_id: GO:0002546
term: negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002547
term: positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002549
term: negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002550
term: positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.


go_id: GO:0002558
term: type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


go_id: GO:0002559
term: type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils
ontology: BP
definition:
An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


go_id: GO:0002561
term: basophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.


go_id: GO:0002562
term: somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


go_id: GO:0002564
term: alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes
ontology: BP
definition:
The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.


go_id: GO:0002567
term: somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.


go_id: GO:0002569
term: somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.


go_id: GO:0002570
term: somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


go_id: GO:0002571
term: somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.


go_id: GO:0002572
term: pro-T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


go_id: GO:0002573
term: myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.


go_id: GO:0002574
term: thrombocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


go_id: GO:0002576
term: platelet degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.


go_id: GO:0002578
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002579
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002580
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002581
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002582
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002583
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002584
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002585
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


go_id: GO:0002586
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002587
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002588
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002589
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002590
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002591
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


go_id: GO:0002592
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002593
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002594
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002595
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002596
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002597
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002598
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002599
term: negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002600
term: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


go_id: GO:0002601
term: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002602
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002603
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


go_id: GO:0002604
term: regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002605
term: negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002606
term: positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002607
term: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002608
term: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002609
term: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002610
term: regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002611
term: negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002612
term: positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002613
term: regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002614
term: negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002615
term: positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002616
term: regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002617
term: negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002618
term: positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002619
term: regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002620
term: negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002621
term: positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002622
term: regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002623
term: negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002624
term: positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002625
term: regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002626
term: negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002627
term: positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002628
term: regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002629
term: negative regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002630
term: positive regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.


go_id: GO:0002635
term: negative regulation of germinal center formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


go_id: GO:0002636
term: positive regulation of germinal center formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


go_id: GO:0002638
term: negative regulation of immunoglobulin production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


go_id: GO:0002639
term: positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


go_id: GO:0002647
term: negative regulation of central tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002648
term: positive regulation of central tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002650
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


go_id: GO:0002651
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


go_id: GO:0002652
term: regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002653
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002654
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


go_id: GO:0002655
term: regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002656
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002657
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


go_id: GO:0002659
term: negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002660
term: positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002662
term: negative regulation of B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002663
term: positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002665
term: negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002666
term: positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002674
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002675
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002677
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002678
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0002679
term: respiratory burst involved in defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0002681
term: somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.


go_id: GO:0002683
term: negative regulation of immune system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


go_id: GO:0002689
term: negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


go_id: GO:0002692
term: negative regulation of cellular extravasation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.


go_id: GO:0002695
term: negative regulation of leukocyte activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


go_id: GO:0002698
term: negative regulation of immune effector process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


go_id: GO:0002699
term: positive regulation of immune effector process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


go_id: GO:0002700
term: regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002701
term: negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002702
term: positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


go_id: GO:0002704
term: negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002705
term: positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002707
term: negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002708
term: positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002710
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002713
term: negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002716
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002717
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002718
term: regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002719
term: negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002720
term: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002722
term: negative regulation of B cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002723
term: positive regulation of B cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002725
term: negative regulation of T cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002726
term: positive regulation of T cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002727
term: regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002728
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002729
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002731
term: negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002732
term: positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002733
term: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002734
term: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002735
term: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002736
term: regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002737
term: negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002738
term: positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


go_id: GO:0002745
term: antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen
ontology: BP
definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.


go_id: GO:0002748
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation initiated by pattern recognition receptor mediated uptake of antigen

definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR).


go_id: GO:0002749
ontology: BP
term:
antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen

definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR).


go_id: GO:0002751
term: antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.


go_id: GO:0002752
term: cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


go_id: GO:0002753
term: cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


go_id: GO:0002754
term: intracellular endosomal pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to an intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


go_id: GO:0002755
term: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002756
term: MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A toll-like receptor signaling pathway not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002757
term: immune response-activating signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by a ligand binding to its receptor that ultimately lead to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002758
term: innate immune response-activating signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a pathogen or microbial effector binding to a plant 'resistance-gene' receptor to activate a plant immune response, usually plant-type hypersensitive response.


go_id: GO:0002760
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


go_id: GO:0002762
term: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


go_id: GO:0002763
term: positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


go_id: GO:0002764
term: immune response-regulating signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002765
term: immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002766
term: innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


go_id: GO:0002767
term: immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002768
term: immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002769
term: natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002770
term: T cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002771
term: inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002772
term: inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002773
term: B cell inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


go_id: GO:0002774
term: Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


go_id: GO:0002775
term: antimicrobial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002776
term: antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of an antimicrobial peptide from a cell or a tissue. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002777
term: antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


go_id: GO:0002778
term: antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002781
term: antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0002785
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002787
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002789
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002795
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002796
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002798
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002799
term: positive regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002801
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002802
term: positive regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.


go_id: GO:0002803
term: positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002804
term: positive regulation of antifungal peptide production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.


go_id: GO:0002806
term: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002807
term: positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002809
term: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002811
term: negative regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0002812
term: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002813
term: regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002814
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002815
term: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002816
term: regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002817
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0002820
term: negative regulation of adaptive immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


go_id: GO:0002821
term: positive regulation of adaptive immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


go_id: GO:0002822
ontology: BP
term:
regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002823
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002824
ontology: BP
term:
positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


go_id: GO:0002826
term: negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


go_id: GO:0002827
term: positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


go_id: GO:0002829
term: negative regulation of type 2 immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


go_id: GO:0002832
term: negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002833
term: positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002835
term: negative regulation of response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002838
term: negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002839
term: positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002840
term: regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002841
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002842
term: positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002844
term: negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002845
term: positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002846
term: regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002847
term: negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002848
term: positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002850
term: negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002851
term: positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002852
term: regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002853
term: negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002854
term: positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002855
term: regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002856
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002857
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


go_id: GO:0002858
term: regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002859
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002860
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


go_id: GO:0002861
term: regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002862
term: negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002863
term: positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002864
term: regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002865
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002866
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002870
term: T cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002871
term: regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002872
term: negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002873
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002874
term: regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002875
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002876
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002877
term: regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002878
term: negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002879
term: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002880
term: regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002881
term: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002882
term: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0002887
term: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002888
term: positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


go_id: GO:0002889
term: regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002890
term: negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002891
term: positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


go_id: GO:0002893
term: negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


go_id: GO:0002896
term: negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002897
term: positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.


go_id: GO:0002899
term: negative regulation of central B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002903
term: negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002906
term: negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002907
term: positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0002909
term: negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002910
term: positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.


go_id: GO:0002915
term: negative regulation of central B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.


go_id: GO:0002918
term: negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.


go_id: GO:0002921
term: negative regulation of humoral immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


go_id: GO:0002922
term: positive regulation of humoral immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


go_id: GO:0002923
term: regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002924
term: negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002925
term: positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


go_id: GO:0002926
term: tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.


go_id: GO:0002927
term: archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.


go_id: GO:0002929
term: MECO complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


go_id: GO:0002930
term: trabecular meshwork development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor.


go_id: GO:0002931
term: response to ischemia
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.


go_id: GO:0002932
term: tendon sheath development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.


go_id: GO:0002934
term: desmosome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0002935
term: tRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


go_id: GO:0002937
term: tRNA 4-thiouridine biosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.


go_id: GO:0002938
term: tRNA guanine ribose methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.


go_id: GO:0002941
term: synoviocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of type B synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A type B synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.


go_id: GO:0002944
term: cyclin K-CDK12 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


go_id: GO:0002945
term: cyclin K-CDK13 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


go_id: GO:0002947
term: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.


go_id: GO:0002948
term: archaeosine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.


go_id: GO:0002949
term: tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


go_id: GO:0002952
term: (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione isomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


go_id: GO:0002953
term: 5'-deoxynucleotidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction:a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H20=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003002
term: regionalization
ontology: BP
definition:
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


go_id: GO:0003003
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003004
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003005
term: follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage
ontology: BP
definition:
The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0003006
term: developmental process involved in reproduction
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.


go_id: GO:0003007
term: heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


go_id: GO:0003008
term: system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


go_id: GO:0003009
term: skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


go_id: GO:0003010
term: voluntary skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


go_id: GO:0003011
term: involuntary skeletal muscle contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


go_id: GO:0003012
term: muscle system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


go_id: GO:0003013
term: circulatory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.


go_id: GO:0003014
term: renal system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


go_id: GO:0003015
term: heart process
ontology: BP
definition:
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


go_id: GO:0003016
term: respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


go_id: GO:0003019
term: central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.


go_id: GO:0003020
term: detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003021
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003022
term: detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.


go_id: GO:0003023
term: baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003024
term: baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003025
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.


go_id: GO:0003026
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


go_id: GO:0003027
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0003028
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


go_id: GO:0003029
term: detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.


go_id: GO:0003030
term: detection of hydrogen ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003031
term: detection of carbon dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003032
term: detection of oxygen
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0003033
term: detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.


go_id: GO:0003034
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003035
term: detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003036
term: detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003037
term: detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003038
term: detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


go_id: GO:0003039
term: detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


go_id: GO:0003040
term: excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0003041
term: excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.


go_id: GO:0003042
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by carotid body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003043
ontology: BP
term:
vasoconstriction of artery involved in aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
A process that is triggered by aortic body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003044
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003046
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation
ontology: BP
definition:
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.


go_id: GO:0003049
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift
ontology: BP
definition:
The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


go_id: GO:0003051
term: angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.


go_id: GO:0003052
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003053
term: circadian regulation of heart rate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003054
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003055
term: circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0003057
term: regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003058
term: hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003059
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003060
term: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003061
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


go_id: GO:0003062
term: regulation of heart rate by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003063
term: negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003064
term: regulation of heart rate by hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003065
term: positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003066
term: positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003067
term: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


go_id: GO:0003068
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.


go_id: GO:0003069
term: acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0003070
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


go_id: GO:0003071
term: renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


go_id: GO:0003072
ontology: BP
term:
renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.


go_id: GO:0003073
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


go_id: GO:0003075
ontology: BP
term:
renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

definition:
The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.


go_id: GO:0003081
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003083
term: negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


go_id: GO:0003084
term: positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003085
term: negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003086
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


go_id: GO:0003087
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003088
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003089
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003090
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003093
term: regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003094
term: glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.


go_id: GO:0003095
term: pressure natriuresis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).


go_id: GO:0003098
term: tubuloglomerular feedback
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.


go_id: GO:0003099
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003100
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


go_id: GO:0003101
term: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0003104
term: positive regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003105
term: negative regulation of glomerular filtration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003106
term: negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


go_id: GO:0003108
term: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


go_id: GO:0003109
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003110
term: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003111
term: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003112
term: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003113
term: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003114
term: positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


go_id: GO:0003115
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003116
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003117
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003118
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003119
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003120
term: regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0003121
term: epinephrine-mediated vasodilation
ontology: BP
definition:
A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003122
term: norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation
ontology: BP
definition:
A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


go_id: GO:0003127
term: detection of nodal flow
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.


go_id: GO:0003128
term: heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


go_id: GO:0003129
term: heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003130
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003132
term: mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003134
term: endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003135
term: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003137
term: Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


go_id: GO:0003138
term: primary heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003139
term: secondary heart field specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


go_id: GO:0003142
term: cardiogenic plate morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.


go_id: GO:0003143
term: embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


go_id: GO:0003144
term: embryonic heart tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


go_id: GO:0003145
term: embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.


go_id: GO:0003146
term: heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.


go_id: GO:0003147
term: neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.


go_id: GO:0003148
term: outflow tract septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


go_id: GO:0003149
term: membranous septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.


go_id: GO:0003150
term: muscular septum morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


go_id: GO:0003151
term: outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


go_id: GO:0003152
term: morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.


go_id: GO:0003153
term: closure of embryonic heart tube
ontology: BP
definition:
Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


go_id: GO:0003154
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the determination of left/right symmetry.


go_id: GO:0003155
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to the determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.


go_id: GO:0003156
term: regulation of animal organ formation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003157
term: endocardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


go_id: GO:0003158
term: endothelium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


go_id: GO:0003159
term: morphogenesis of an endothelium
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


go_id: GO:0003160
term: endocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


go_id: GO:0003161
term: cardiac conduction system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


go_id: GO:0003162
term: atrioventricular node development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.


go_id: GO:0003163
term: sinoatrial node development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


go_id: GO:0003164
term: His-Purkinje system development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


go_id: GO:0003165
term: Purkinje myocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.


go_id: GO:0003166
term: bundle of His development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


go_id: GO:0003167
term: atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


go_id: GO:0003168
term: Purkinje myocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.


go_id: GO:0003170
term: heart valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


go_id: GO:0003171
term: atrioventricular valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003173
term: ventriculo bulbo valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003178
term: coronary sinus valve development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003188
term: heart valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003189
term: aortic valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003190
term: atrioventricular valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003191
term: coronary sinus valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003192
term: mitral valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003193
term: pulmonary valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003194
term: sinoatrial valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003195
term: tricuspid valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003196
term: ventriculo bulbo valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


go_id: GO:0003197
term: endocardial cushion development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003198
term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.


go_id: GO:0003199
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


go_id: GO:0003200
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


go_id: GO:0003201
term: epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


go_id: GO:0003202
term: endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


go_id: GO:0003203
term: endocardial cushion morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003204
term: cardiac skeleton development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


go_id: GO:0003205
term: cardiac chamber development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003206
term: cardiac chamber morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003207
term: cardiac chamber formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


go_id: GO:0003208
term: cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003209
term: cardiac atrium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003210
term: cardiac atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003211
term: cardiac ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003216
term: cardiac left atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003217
term: cardiac right atrium formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003218
term: cardiac left ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003219
term: cardiac right ventricle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0003220
term: left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003221
term: right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003222
term: ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003223
term: ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003224
term: left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003225
term: left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003226
term: right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003227
term: right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003228
term: atrial cardiac muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003229
term: ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003230
term: cardiac atrium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003231
term: cardiac ventricle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003232
term: bulbus arteriosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.


go_id: GO:0003233
term: bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


go_id: GO:0003234
term: bulbus arteriosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003235
term: sinus venosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003236
term: sinus venosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003237
term: sinus venosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


go_id: GO:0003238
term: conus arteriosus development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003239
term: conus arteriosus morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003240
term: conus arteriosus formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


go_id: GO:0003242
term: cardiac chamber ballooning
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping.


go_id: GO:0003246
term: embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003247
term: post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003250
term: regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003251
term: positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003252
term: negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


go_id: GO:0003253
term: cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


go_id: GO:0003254
term: regulation of membrane depolarization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


go_id: GO:0003255
term: endocardial precursor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


go_id: GO:0003259
term: cardioblast anterior-lateral migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003260
term: cardioblast migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003261
term: cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003262
term: endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003263
term: cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003264
term: regulation of cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003265
term: regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003266
term: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


go_id: GO:0003267
ontology: BP
term:
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003268
ontology: BP
term:
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003269
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003270
term: Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003271
ontology: BP
term:
smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0003272
term: endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003273
term: cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003274
term: endocardial cushion fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


go_id: GO:0003275
term: apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


go_id: GO:0003277
term: apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


go_id: GO:0003282
term: ventricular septum intermedium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003285
term: septum secundum development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003286
term: atrial septum intermedium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003291
term: atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003294
term: atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.


go_id: GO:0003295
term: cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


go_id: GO:0003296
term: apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


go_id: GO:0003297
term: heart wedging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003298
term: physiological muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


go_id: GO:0003299
term: muscle hypertrophy in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


go_id: GO:0003300
term: cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


go_id: GO:0003301
term: physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


go_id: GO:0003302
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003303
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003304
term: myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003305
term: cell migration involved in heart jogging
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


go_id: GO:0003306
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003307
term: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003308
term: negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003309
term: type B pancreatic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003310
term: pancreatic A cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003311
term: pancreatic D cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003312
term: pancreatic PP cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003313
term: heart rudiment development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.


go_id: GO:0003316
term: establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003317
term: cardioblast cell midline fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003318
term: cell migration to the midline involved in heart development
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


go_id: GO:0003319
term: cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.


go_id: GO:0003320
term: heart rudiment involution
ontology: BP
definition:
The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


go_id: GO:0003321
term: positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0003322
term: pancreatic A cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003323
term: type B pancreatic cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003324
term: pancreatic D cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003325
term: pancreatic PP cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003326
term: pancreatic A cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


go_id: GO:0003327
term: type B pancreatic cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


go_id: GO:0003328
term: pancreatic D cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


go_id: GO:0003329
term: pancreatic PP cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0003330
term: regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003331
term: positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003332
term: negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


go_id: GO:0003334
term: keratinocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0003335
term: corneocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0003336
term: corneocyte desquamation
ontology: BP
definition:
The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0003337
term: mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003339
term: regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003340
term: negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


go_id: GO:0003342
term: proepicardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.


go_id: GO:0003343
term: septum transversum development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


go_id: GO:0003345
term: proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.


go_id: GO:0003346
term: epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


go_id: GO:0003347
term: epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition
ontology: BP
definition:
A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


go_id: GO:0003348
term: cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003349
term: epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003350
term: pulmonary myocardium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


go_id: GO:0003351
term: epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.


go_id: GO:0003352
term: regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003353
term: positive regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003354
term: negative regulation of cilium movement
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003355
term: cilium movement involved in otolith formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of inner ear epithelial cells, resulting the aggregation of otolith seed particles.


go_id: GO:0003356
term: regulation of cilium beat frequency
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


go_id: GO:0003357
term: noradrenergic neuron differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


go_id: GO:0003358
term: noradrenergic neuron development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0003359
term: noradrenergic neuron fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.


go_id: GO:0003360
term: brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.


go_id: GO:0003361
term: noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


go_id: GO:0003362
term: noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


go_id: GO:0003363
term: lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.


go_id: GO:0003364
term: lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003365
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003366
term: cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003367
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


go_id: GO:0003368
term: cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003369
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003370
term: cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


go_id: GO:0003371
term: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.


go_id: GO:0003372
term: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating mesendodermal cell.


go_id: GO:0003373
term: dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating dynamin family protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family protein monomers. Dynamin family protein polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.


go_id: GO:0003374
term: dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of creating dynamin protein family polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family monomers around a lipid tube of a dividing mitochondrion. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.


go_id: GO:0003375
term: regulation of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission.


go_id: GO:0003376
term: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0003379
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003380
term: establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003381
term: epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003382
term: epithelial cell morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.


go_id: GO:0003383
term: apical constriction
ontology: BP
definition:
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


go_id: GO:0003384
term: apical constriction involved in gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


go_id: GO:0003385
term: cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


go_id: GO:0003386
term: amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


go_id: GO:0003387
term: neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.


go_id: GO:0003388
term: neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003389
term: retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003390
term: dendrite development by retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003391
term: amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


go_id: GO:0003392
term: cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


go_id: GO:0003393
term: neuron migration involved in retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


go_id: GO:0003394
term: cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


go_id: GO:0003395
term: neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


go_id: GO:0003396
term: cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003397
term: neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003398
term: glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


go_id: GO:0003399
term: cytoneme morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


go_id: GO:0003400
term: regulation of COPII vesicle coating
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


go_id: GO:0003401
term: axis elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0003402
term: planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


go_id: GO:0003403
term: optic vesicle formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


go_id: GO:0003404
term: optic vesicle morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


go_id: GO:0003405
term: optic vesicle elongation
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.


go_id: GO:0003406
term: retinal pigment epithelium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


go_id: GO:0003407
term: neural retina development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


go_id: GO:0003408
term: optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.


go_id: GO:0003409
term: optic cup structural organization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


go_id: GO:0003410
term: anterior rotation of the optic cup
ontology: BP
definition:
A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


go_id: GO:0003411
term: cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


go_id: GO:0003412
term: establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


go_id: GO:0003413
term: chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003414
term: chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003415
term: chondrocyte hypertrophy
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003417
term: growth plate cartilage development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


go_id: GO:0003418
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003419
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0003420
term: regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


go_id: GO:0003421
term: growth plate cartilage axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


go_id: GO:0003422
term: growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003423
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


go_id: GO:0003424
term: establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


go_id: GO:0003425
ontology: BP
term:
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

definition:
A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.


go_id: GO:0003426
term: cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


go_id: GO:0003427
term: regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


go_id: GO:0003428
term: chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003429
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0003430
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.


go_id: GO:0003431
term: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


go_id: GO:0003432
term: cell growth involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the shaping of the chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003433
term: chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003434
term: BMP signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003435
term: smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


go_id: GO:0003436
term: regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


go_id: GO:0003437
term: regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


go_id: GO:0003674
term: molecular_function
ontology: MF
definition:
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process.


go_id: GO:0003677
term: DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0003680
term: minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.


go_id: GO:0003682
term: chromatin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


go_id: GO:0003688
term: DNA replication origin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.


go_id: GO:0003689
term: DNA clamp loader activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0003696
term: satellite DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.


go_id: GO:0003700
term: DNA-binding transcription factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


go_id: GO:0003707
term: nuclear steroid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


go_id: GO:0003711
term: transcription elongation factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A molecular function that stimulates the elongation properties of the RNA polymerase during the elongation phase of transcription. A subclass of transcription elongation factors enable the transition from transcription initiation to elongation, while another class rescue stalled RNA polymerases.


go_id: GO:0003712
term: transcription coregulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


go_id: GO:0003713
term: transcription coactivator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


go_id: GO:0003714
term: transcription corepressor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


go_id: GO:0003720
term: telomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


go_id: GO:0003721
term: telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


go_id: GO:0003729
term: mRNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


go_id: GO:0003774
term: cytoskeletal motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force).


go_id: GO:0003789
term: actin filament severing activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an actin subunit and promoting its dissociation from an actin filament by a local change in actin subunit conformation and orientation, and severing of filaments.


go_id: GO:0003796
term: lysozyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0003810
term: protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.


go_id: GO:0003823
term: antigen binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.


go_id: GO:0003824
term: catalytic activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.


go_id: GO:0003825
term: alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003827
term: alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H(+) + UDP.


go_id: GO:0003828
term: alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003829
term: beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003830
term: beta-1,4-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003831
term: beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


go_id: GO:0003833
term: beta-alanyl amine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


go_id: GO:0003835
term: beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0003836
term: beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0003838
term: sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


go_id: GO:0003841
term: 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003843
term: 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


go_id: GO:0003844
term: 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


go_id: GO:0003847
term: 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


go_id: GO:0003848
term: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0003849
term: 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003851
term: 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.


go_id: GO:0003852
term: 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003853
term: 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


go_id: GO:0003854
term: 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003856
term: 3-dehydroquinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003860
term: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


go_id: GO:0003862
term: 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0003863
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


go_id: GO:0003864
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.


go_id: GO:0003865
term: 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


go_id: GO:0003866
term: 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003867
term: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.


go_id: GO:0003871
term: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003873
term: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0003874
term: 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + triphosphate.


go_id: GO:0003878
term: ATP citrate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.


go_id: GO:0003879
term: ATP phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0003880
term: protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


go_id: GO:0003881
term: CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003885
term: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O(2) = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O(2) + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003886
term: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


go_id: GO:0003887
term: DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.


go_id: GO:0003896
term: DNA primase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


go_id: GO:0003899
term: DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


go_id: GO:0003904
term: deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


go_id: GO:0003905
term: alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


go_id: GO:0003906
term: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond in the AP site created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base, involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).


go_id: GO:0003908
term: methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.


go_id: GO:0003909
term: DNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


go_id: GO:0003910
term: DNA ligase (ATP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003911
term: DNA ligase (NAD+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003913
term: DNA photolyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


go_id: GO:0003914
term: DNA (6-4) photolyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


go_id: GO:0003916
term: DNA topoisomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0003917
term: DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.


go_id: GO:0003918
term: DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


go_id: GO:0003922
term: GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + XMP + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate + 2H(+).


go_id: GO:0003923
term: GPI-anchor transamidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


go_id: GO:0003925
term: G protein activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A molecular function regulator that cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular processes. Intrinsic GTPase activity returns the G protein to its GDP-bound state. The return to the GDP-bound state can be accelerated by the action of a GTPase-activating protein (GAP).


go_id: GO:0003933
term: GTP cyclohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.


go_id: GO:0003935
term: GTP cyclohydrolase II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H(+).


go_id: GO:0003942
term: N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0003943
term: N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0003944
term: N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.


go_id: GO:0003947
term: (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0003948
term: N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H(2)O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0003949
ontology: MF
term:
1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase activity

definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


go_id: GO:0003950
term: NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.


go_id: GO:0003952
term: NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003957
term: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.


go_id: GO:0003961
term: O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


go_id: GO:0003963
term: RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0003964
term: RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.


go_id: GO:0003968
term: RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time.


go_id: GO:0003972
term: RNA ligase (ATP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).


go_id: GO:0003975
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0003976
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


go_id: GO:0003977
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0003979
term: UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0003980
term: UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.


go_id: GO:0003992
term: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0003993
term: acid phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0003994
term: aconitate hydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.


go_id: GO:0003995
term: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein]= 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H+.


go_id: GO:0004015
term: adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


go_id: GO:0004019
term: adenylosuccinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004023
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, metal ion-independent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.


go_id: GO:0004024
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.


go_id: GO:0004025
term: alcohol dehydrogenase activity, iron-dependent
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.


go_id: GO:0004027
term: alcohol sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004034
term: aldose 1-epimerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


go_id: GO:0004035
term: alkaline phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


go_id: GO:0004043
term: L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004044
term: amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004047
term: aminomethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


go_id: GO:0004048
term: anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


go_id: GO:0004051
term: arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxycosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate.


go_id: GO:0004052
term: arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2) = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


go_id: GO:0004055
term: argininosuccinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.


go_id: GO:0004062
term: aryl sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004066
term: asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004070
term: aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004073
term: aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004075
term: biotin carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


go_id: GO:0004076
term: biotin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004077
term: biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).


go_id: GO:0004078
term: biotin-[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


go_id: GO:0004079
term: biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).


go_id: GO:0004080
term: biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


go_id: GO:0004081
term: bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004084
term: branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.


go_id: GO:0004085
term: butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


go_id: GO:0004087
term: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + CO(2) + H(2)O + NH(4)(+) = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 5 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004088
term: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004097
term: catechol oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-dopa + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 L-dopaquinone. This reaction catalyzes exclusively the oxidation of catechols (i.e., o-diphenols) to the corresponding o-quinones.


go_id: GO:0004100
term: chitin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1).


go_id: GO:0004108
term: citrate (Si)-synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.


go_id: GO:0004109
term: coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O(2) = 2 CO(2) + 2 H(2)O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


go_id: GO:0004117
term: calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


go_id: GO:0004118
term: cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


go_id: GO:0004119
term: cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


go_id: GO:0004120
term: photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside phosphate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0004125
term: L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004128
term: cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


go_id: GO:0004134
term: 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


go_id: GO:0004135
term: amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin. Limit dextrin is the highly branched core that remains after exhaustive treatment of glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase. It is formed because these enzymes cannot hydrolyze the (1->6) glycosidic linkages present.


go_id: GO:0004139
term: deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0004141
term: dethiobiotin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO(2) = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004147
term: dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acyldihydrolipoamide, where the acyl group is a branched chain.


go_id: GO:0004148
term: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004150
term: dihydroneopterin aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0004156
term: dihydropteroate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


go_id: GO:0004159
term: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydropyrimidine (5,6-dihydrouracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine) + NAD+ = a pyrimidine (uracil or thymine) + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004161
term: dimethylallyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004163
term: diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO(2) + H(+) + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004164
term: diphthine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.


go_id: GO:0004165
term: delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0004166
term: dolichyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004169
term: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.


go_id: GO:0004174
term: electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a ubiquinol + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


go_id: GO:0004181
term: metallocarboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0004185
term: serine-type carboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


go_id: GO:0004190
term: aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004197
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004198
term: calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.


go_id: GO:0004222
term: metalloendopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


go_id: GO:0004252
term: serine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


go_id: GO:0004298
term: threonine-type endopeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004304
term: estrone sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004307
term: ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004308
term: exo-alpha-sialidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.


go_id: GO:0004311
term: farnesyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004312
term: fatty acid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004313
term: [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004314
term: [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004315
term: 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0004316
term: 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004317
term: 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004318
term: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004319
term: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004321
term: fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004326
term: tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


go_id: GO:0004329
term: formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0004332
term: fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004337
term: geranyltranstransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004338
term: glucan exo-1,3-beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004339
term: glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004342
term: glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0004343
term: glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004345
term: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004346
term: glucose-6-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004350
term: glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004355
term: glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004357
term: glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004358
term: glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0004360
term: glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004361
term: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


go_id: GO:0004363
term: glutathione synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004364
term: glutathione transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.


go_id: GO:0004365
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004366
term: glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004372
term: glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.


go_id: GO:0004373
term: glycogen (starch) synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


go_id: GO:0004376
term: glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004377
term: GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004378
term: GDP-Man:Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


go_id: GO:0004379
term: glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide.


go_id: GO:0004380
term: glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


go_id: GO:0004381
term: fucosylgalactoside 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


go_id: GO:0004386
term: helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.


go_id: GO:0004392
term: heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: heme b + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = biliverdin  + CO + Fe2+ + H+ + 3 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


go_id: GO:0004394
term: heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004395
term: hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.


go_id: GO:0004400
term: histidinol-phosphate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004407
term: histone deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0004415
term: hyalurononglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


go_id: GO:0004416
term: hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0004417
term: hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004420
term: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004421
term: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004422
term: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004423
term: iduronate-2-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


go_id: GO:0004424
term: imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004425
term: indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004430
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004435
term: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004436
term: phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0004438
term: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004439
term: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004441
term: inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004445
term: inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004446
term: inositol-hexakisphosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004453
term: juvenile-hormone esterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


go_id: GO:0004455
term: ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004458
term: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0004460
term: L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0004465
term: lipoprotein lipase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.


go_id: GO:0004466
term: long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


go_id: GO:0004467
term: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0004478
term: methionine adenosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0004479
term: methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0004481
term: methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0004482
term: mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.


go_id: GO:0004483
term: mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


go_id: GO:0004484
term: mRNA guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.


go_id: GO:0004485
term: methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004486
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0004487
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


go_id: GO:0004488
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004489
term: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0004490
term: methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004497
term: monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


go_id: GO:0004499
term: N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004500
term: dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O(2) = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004502
term: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0004503
term: tyrosinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + O2 = L-DOPAquinone + H2O. This reaction can use both monophenols (such as tyrosine) and catechols (o-diphenols) as substrates.


go_id: GO:0004504
term: peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004505
term: phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.


go_id: GO:0004506
term: squalene monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0004507
term: steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004509
term: steroid 21-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: A C(21) steroid + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O.


go_id: GO:0004510
term: tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004511
term: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004512
term: inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.


go_id: GO:0004513
term: neolactotetraosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0004514
term: nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CO(2) + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+) + quinolinate.


go_id: GO:0004516
term: nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.


go_id: GO:0004517
term: nitric-oxide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


go_id: GO:0004520
term: endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


go_id: GO:0004522
term: ribonuclease A activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


go_id: GO:0004525
term: ribonuclease III activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.


go_id: GO:0004526
term: ribonuclease P activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.


go_id: GO:0004527
term: exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.


go_id: GO:0004528
term: phosphodiesterase I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0004529
term: exodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0004530
term: deoxyribonuclease I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


go_id: GO:0004531
term: deoxyribonuclease II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


go_id: GO:0004532
term: exoribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0004533
term: exoribonuclease H activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.


go_id: GO:0004556
term: alpha-amylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.


go_id: GO:0004557
term: alpha-galactosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactohydrolase.


go_id: GO:0004558
term: alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004559
term: alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


go_id: GO:0004561
term: alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.


go_id: GO:0004563
term: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.


go_id: GO:0004564
term: beta-fructofuranosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.


go_id: GO:0004565
term: beta-galactosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.


go_id: GO:0004568
term: chitinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.


go_id: GO:0004569
term: glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


go_id: GO:0004571
term: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0004572
term: mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


go_id: GO:0004573
term: Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).


go_id: GO:0004574
term: oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0004576
term: oligosaccharyl transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0004577
term: N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0004578
term: chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


go_id: GO:0004579
term: dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.


go_id: GO:0004581
term: dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004583
term: dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-glucose into a membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0004587
term: ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.


go_id: GO:0004588
term: orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004592
term: pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


go_id: GO:0004596
term: peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


go_id: GO:0004603
term: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004604
term: phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


go_id: GO:0004607
term: phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


go_id: GO:0004608
term: phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0004610
term: phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004611
term: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


go_id: GO:0004616
term: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0004618
term: phosphoglycerate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004621
term: glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.


go_id: GO:0004623
term: phospholipase A2 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.


go_id: GO:0004632
term: phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives.


go_id: GO:0004633
term: phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H(+) = CO(2) + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004635
term: phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


go_id: GO:0004636
term: phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0004637
term: phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004638
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO(2).


go_id: GO:0004639
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004640
term: phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004641
term: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004642
term: phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H(2)O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004643
term: phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


go_id: GO:0004644
term: phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


go_id: GO:0004645
term: 1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


go_id: GO:0004648
term: O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0004649
term: poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.


go_id: GO:0004650
term: polygalacturonase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.


go_id: GO:0004652
term: polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA or DNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


go_id: GO:0004653
term: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0004656
term: procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0004660
term: protein farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0004661
term: protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


go_id: GO:0004662
term: CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


go_id: GO:0004663
term: Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.


go_id: GO:0004668
term: protein-arginine deiminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-arginyl-[protein] = L-citrullyl-[protein] + NH4+, resulting in citrullination of the target protein. This reaction is calcium-dependent.


go_id: GO:0004671
term: protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0004672
term: protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


go_id: GO:0004674
term: protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004675
term: transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004676
term: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


go_id: GO:0004679
term: AMP-activated protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


go_id: GO:0004683
term: calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Calmodulin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004693
term: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004694
term: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004697
term: protein kinase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0004699
term: calcium-independent protein kinase C activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


go_id: GO:0004703
term: G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004704
term: NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of the alpha or beta subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase complex (IKK).


go_id: GO:0004705
term: JUN kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors.


go_id: GO:0004706
term: JUN kinase kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).


go_id: GO:0004707
term: MAP kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.


go_id: GO:0004708
term: MAP kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.


go_id: GO:0004709
term: MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


go_id: GO:0004712
term: protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004714
term: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004715
term: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.


go_id: GO:0004719
term: protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0004720
term: protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0004721
term: phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cellular proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.


go_id: GO:0004722
term: protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004723
term: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0004726
term: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004727
term: prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004733
term: pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0004734
term: pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.


go_id: GO:0004740
term: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004741
term: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004746
term: riboflavin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


go_id: GO:0004748
term: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0004749
term: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004753
term: saccharopine dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0004754
term: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0004755
term: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0004756
term: selenide, water dikinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H(2)O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H(+) + phosphate + selenophosphorate.


go_id: GO:0004766
term: spermidine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


go_id: GO:0004768
term: stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


go_id: GO:0004773
term: steryl-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.


go_id: GO:0004774
term: succinate-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0004779
term: sulfate adenylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


go_id: GO:0004789
term: thiamine-phosphate diphosphorylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H(+) = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004790
term: thioether S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium.


go_id: GO:0004800
term: thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


go_id: GO:0004801
term: transaldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004802
term: transketolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor.


go_id: GO:0004803
term: transposase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.


go_id: GO:0004808
term: tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.


go_id: GO:0004809
term: tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing guanine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0004812
term: aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.


go_id: GO:0004815
term: aspartate-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + tRNA(Asp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNA(Asp).


go_id: GO:0004816
term: asparagine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004817
term: cysteine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys).


go_id: GO:0004818
term: glutamate-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


go_id: GO:0004819
term: glutamine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).


go_id: GO:0004821
term: histidine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).


go_id: GO:0004822
term: isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004823
term: leucine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + Leu-tRNA(Leu).


go_id: GO:0004825
term: methionine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met).


go_id: GO:0004826
term: phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


go_id: GO:0004829
term: threonine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).


go_id: GO:0004830
term: tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


go_id: GO:0004831
term: tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004832
term: valine-tRNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0004834
term: tryptophan synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


go_id: GO:0004835
term: tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004839
term: ubiquitin activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


go_id: GO:0004842
term: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.


go_id: GO:0004843
term: cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


go_id: GO:0004844
term: uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.


go_id: GO:0004847
term: urea carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0004851
term: uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.


go_id: GO:0004859
term: phospholipase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0004860
term: protein kinase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


go_id: GO:0004861
term: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.


go_id: GO:0004864
term: protein phosphatase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate groups from phosphorylated proteins.


go_id: GO:0004865
term: protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0004866
term: endopeptidase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0004867
term: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; a serine residue (and a histidine residue) are at the active center of the enzyme.


go_id: GO:0004869
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


go_id: GO:0004873
term: asialoglycoprotein receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.


go_id: GO:0004875
term: complement receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004876
term: complement component C3a receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004877
term: complement component C3b receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004878
term: complement component C5a receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004879
term: nuclear receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytoplasm, which leads to its tranlocation to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0004883
term: nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.


go_id: GO:0004888
term: transmembrane signaling receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


go_id: GO:0004890
term: GABA-A receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


go_id: GO:0004895
term: cell adhesion receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell and to initiate intracellular signaling. Cell adhesion receptors include integrins and cadherins.


go_id: GO:0004896
term: cytokine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004897
term: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004900
term: erythropoietin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004901
term: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004902
term: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004903
term: growth hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a growth hormone and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004904
term: interferon receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004905
term: type I interferon receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


go_id: GO:0004906
term: interferon-gamma receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004908
term: interleukin-1 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


go_id: GO:0004909
term: interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.


go_id: GO:0004910
term: interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.


go_id: GO:0004911
term: interleukin-2 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004912
term: interleukin-3 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004913
term: interleukin-4 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004914
term: interleukin-5 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004915
term: interleukin-6 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004917
term: interleukin-7 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004918
term: interleukin-8 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004919
term: interleukin-9 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004920
term: interleukin-10 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004921
term: interleukin-11 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004923
term: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004924
term: oncostatin-M receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004925
term: prolactin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004930
term: G protein-coupled receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004931
term: extracellularly ATP-gated cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0004935
term: adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004936
term: alpha-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


go_id: GO:0004937
term: alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


go_id: GO:0004938
term: alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


go_id: GO:0004939
term: beta-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


go_id: GO:0004940
term: beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.


go_id: GO:0004941
term: beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.


go_id: GO:0004945
term: angiotensin type II receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


go_id: GO:0004948
term: calcitonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004949
term: cannabinoid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


go_id: GO:0004950
term: chemokine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


go_id: GO:0004951
term: cholecystokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.


go_id: GO:0004954
term: prostanoid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0004961
term: thromboxane A2 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0004962
term: endothelin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004965
term: G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004967
term: glucagon receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0004968
term: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


go_id: GO:0004969
term: histamine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


go_id: GO:0004970
term: ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0004971
term: AMPA glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


go_id: GO:0004972
term: NMDA glutamate receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized.  Voltage gating is indirect, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.


go_id: GO:0004974
term: leukotriene receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


go_id: GO:0004979
term: beta-endorphin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).


go_id: GO:0004984
term: olfactory receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.


go_id: GO:0004985
term: G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0004989
term: octopamine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.


go_id: GO:0004993
term: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


go_id: GO:0004994
term: somatostatin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


go_id: GO:0004995
term: tachykinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0004998
term: transferrin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0005001
term: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0005006
term: epidermal growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005007
term: fibroblast growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005008
term: hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005009
term: insulin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005010
term: insulin-like growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005011
term: macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0005017
term: platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005018
term: platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005019
term: platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005020
term: stem cell factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.


go_id: GO:0005021
term: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005024
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0005025
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.


go_id: GO:0005026
term: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


go_id: GO:0005030
term: neurotrophin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005031
term: tumor necrosis factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0005034
term: osmosensor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


go_id: GO:0005035
term: death receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


go_id: GO:0005041
term: low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


go_id: GO:0005042
term: netrin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005043
term: netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin.


go_id: GO:0005044
term: scavenger receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


go_id: GO:0005046
term: KDEL sequence binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


go_id: GO:0005048
term: signal sequence binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.


go_id: GO:0005049
term: nuclear export signal receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


go_id: GO:0005052
term: peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.


go_id: GO:0005053
term: peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F).


go_id: GO:0005055
term: laminin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005056
term: tiggrin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0005068
term: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


go_id: GO:0005078
term: MAP-kinase scaffold activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


go_id: GO:0005085
term: guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.


go_id: GO:0005091
term: guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor adaptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor and one or more other proteins, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


go_id: GO:0005095
term: GTPase inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0005102
term: signaling receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0005123
term: death receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).


go_id: GO:0005124
term: scavenger receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to scavenger receptors, a family of proteins that are expressed on myeloid cells and are involved in the uptake of effete cellular components and foreign particles.


go_id: GO:0005125
term: cytokine activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


go_id: GO:0005132
term: type I interferon receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


go_id: GO:0005179
term: hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.


go_id: GO:0005183
term: gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH), any of a family of decapeptide amide hormones that are released by the hypothalamus in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. In at least mammals, upon receptor binding, GnRH causes the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary.


go_id: GO:0005184
term: neuropeptide hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.


go_id: GO:0005185
term: neurohypophyseal hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of a neurohypophyseal hormone, any of a family of structurally and functionally related nonapeptides that are synthesized as part of a larger precursor molecule comprising a signal peptide, the nonapeptide hormone, and a neurophysin.


go_id: GO:0005186
term: pheromone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.


go_id: GO:0005198
term: structural molecule activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or its assembly within or outside a cell.


go_id: GO:0005213
term: structural constituent of egg chorion
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0005214
term: structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0005215
term: transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


go_id: GO:0005216
term: ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size).


go_id: GO:0005217
term: intracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005219
term: ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005220
term: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005221
term: intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005222
term: intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005223
term: intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005225
term: volume-sensitive anion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a volume-sensitive channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


go_id: GO:0005227
term: calcium activated cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


go_id: GO:0005228
term: intracellular sodium activated potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a sodium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Sodium activated potassium channels have distinctive properties, including a large single channel conductance, subconductance states, and a block of single channel currents at positive potentials, similar to inward rectification.


go_id: GO:0005229
term: intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005230
term: extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0005231
term: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.


go_id: GO:0005234
term: extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is  bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0005237
term: inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular inhibitory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Inhibitory ligands, such as GABA or glycine, open chloride-selective channels.


go_id: GO:0005242
term: inward rectifier potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.


go_id: GO:0005243
term: gap junction channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


go_id: GO:0005244
term: voltage-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0005245
term: voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0005247
term: voltage-gated chloride channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0005248
term: voltage-gated sodium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0005249
term: voltage-gated potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


go_id: GO:0005250
term: A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel that produces a transient outward current upon a step change in membrane potential.


go_id: GO:0005251
term: delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.


go_id: GO:0005252
term: open rectifier potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration.


go_id: GO:0005253
term: anion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


go_id: GO:0005254
term: chloride channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005260
term: intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0005261
term: cation channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


go_id: GO:0005262
term: calcium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005267
term: potassium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005272
term: sodium channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


go_id: GO:0005274
term: allantoin:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.


go_id: GO:0005275
term: amine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0005277
term: acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.


go_id: GO:0005278
term: acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out).


go_id: GO:0005280
term: amino acid:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0005283
term: amino acid:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005287
term: high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005289
term: high-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005290
term: L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0005291
term: high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005292
term: high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005294
term: neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0005295
term: neutral amino acid:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005297
term: proline:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + H+(out) = proline(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0005298
term: proline:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005300
term: high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005302
term: L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0005304
term: L-valine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0005307
term: choline:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005308
term: creatine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


go_id: GO:0005309
term: creatine:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005310
term: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.


go_id: GO:0005313
term: L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


go_id: GO:0005314
term: high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005315
term: inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0005316
term: high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005324
term: long-chain fatty acid transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0005326
term: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


go_id: GO:0005328
term: neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005330
term: dopamine:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0005332
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


go_id: GO:0005334
term: norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0005335
term: serotonin:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0005337
term: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0005338
term: nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0005342
term: organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


go_id: GO:0005343
term: organic acid:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005345
term: purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0005346
term: purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0005350
term: pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0005351
term: carbohydrate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: carbohydrate(out) + H+(out) = carbohydrate(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0005352
term: alpha-glucoside:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.


go_id: GO:0005353
term: fructose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


go_id: GO:0005354
term: galactose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


go_id: GO:0005356
term: glucose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


go_id: GO:0005358
term: high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005359
term: low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


go_id: GO:0005360
term: insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


go_id: GO:0005362
term: low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0005363
term: maltose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.


go_id: GO:0005364
term: maltose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0005365
term: myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


go_id: GO:0005366
term: myo-inositol:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0005367
term: myo-inositol:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005368
term: taurine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.


go_id: GO:0005369
term: taurine:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005371
term: tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0005388
term: P-type calcium transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(out).


go_id: GO:0005391
term: P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


go_id: GO:0005402
term: carbohydrate:cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


go_id: GO:0005412
term: glucose:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005415
term: nucleoside:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005416
term: amino acid:cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


go_id: GO:0005427
term: proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.


go_id: GO:0005432
term: calcium:sodium antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0005436
term: sodium:phosphate symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


go_id: GO:0005451
term: monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monovalent cation(out) + H+(in) = monovalent cation(in) + H+(out).


go_id: GO:0005452
term: solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


go_id: GO:0005457
term: GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005458
term: GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005459
term: UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005460
term: UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005461
term: UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005462
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005463
term: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005464
term: UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0005469
term: succinate:fumarate antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


go_id: GO:0005476
term: carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial).


go_id: GO:0005477
term: pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0005483
term: soluble NSF attachment protein activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


go_id: GO:0005484
term: SNAP receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


go_id: GO:0005488
term: binding
ontology: MF
definition:
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


go_id: GO:0005496
term: steroid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


go_id: GO:0005499
term: vitamin D binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


go_id: GO:0005500
term: juvenile hormone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0005501
term: retinoid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


go_id: GO:0005502
term: 11-cis retinal binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0005503
term: all-trans retinal binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0005504
term: fatty acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0005513
term: detection of calcium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0005516
term: calmodulin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.


go_id: GO:0005518
term: collagen binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


go_id: GO:0005520
term: insulin-like growth factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.


go_id: GO:0005521
term: lamin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


go_id: GO:0005522
term: profilin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to profilin, an actin-binding protein that forms a complex with G-actin and prevents it from polymerizing to form F-actin.


go_id: GO:0005523
term: tropomyosin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


go_id: GO:0005527
term: macrolide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.


go_id: GO:0005534
term: galactose binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


go_id: GO:0005537
term: mannose binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.


go_id: GO:0005539
term: glycosaminoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


go_id: GO:0005540
term: hyaluronic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0005542
term: folic acid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


go_id: GO:0005544
term: calcium-dependent phospholipid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.


go_id: GO:0005545
term: 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


go_id: GO:0005546
term: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.


go_id: GO:0005547
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


go_id: GO:0005548
term: phospholipid transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


go_id: GO:0005550
term: pheromone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0005575
term: cellular_component
ontology: CC
definition:
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome).


go_id: GO:0005576
term: extracellular region
ontology: CC
definition:
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


go_id: GO:0005577
term: fibrinogen complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.


go_id: GO:0005579
term: membrane attack complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


go_id: GO:0005581
term: collagen trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.


go_id: GO:0005582
term: collagen type XV trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes where it bridges between fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005584
term: collagen type I trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005585
term: collagen type II trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005586
term: collagen type III trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005587
term: collagen type IV trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


go_id: GO:0005588
term: collagen type V trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005589
term: collagen type VI trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005590
term: collagen type VII trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.


go_id: GO:0005591
term: collagen type VIII trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.


go_id: GO:0005592
term: collagen type XI trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005593
term: FACIT collagen trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.


go_id: GO:0005594
term: collagen type IX trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005595
term: collagen type XII trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


go_id: GO:0005596
term: collagen type XIV trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


go_id: GO:0005598
term: short-chain collagen trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.


go_id: GO:0005599
term: collagen type X trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices form hexagonal networks (sheets).


go_id: GO:0005600
term: collagen type XIII trimer
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0005601
term: classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.


go_id: GO:0005602
term: complement component C1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.


go_id: GO:0005604
term: basement membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.


go_id: GO:0005614
term: interstitial matrix
ontology: CC
definition:
A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.


go_id: GO:0005615
term: extracellular space
ontology: CC
definition:
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.


go_id: GO:0005616
term: larval serum protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.


go_id: GO:0005618
term: cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.


go_id: GO:0005619
term: ascospore wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


go_id: GO:0005621
term: cellular bud scar
ontology: CC
definition:
Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.


go_id: GO:0005622
term: intracellular anatomical structure
ontology: CC
definition:
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0005628
term: prospore membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls. An example of this component is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


go_id: GO:0005634
term: nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.


go_id: GO:0005635
term: nuclear envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


go_id: GO:0005638
term: lamin filament
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.


go_id: GO:0005639
term: integral component of nuclear inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0005640
term: nuclear outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


go_id: GO:0005642
term: annulate lamellae
ontology: CC
definition:
Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.


go_id: GO:0005643
term: nuclear pore
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.


go_id: GO:0005652
term: nuclear lamina
ontology: CC
definition:
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.


go_id: GO:0005655
term: nucleolar ribonuclease P complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


go_id: GO:0005656
term: nuclear pre-replicative complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.


go_id: GO:0005657
term: replication fork
ontology: CC
definition:
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0005658
term: alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


go_id: GO:0005662
term: DNA replication factor A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.


go_id: GO:0005663
term: DNA replication factor C complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0005665
term: RNA polymerase II, core complex
ontology: CC
definition:
RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


go_id: GO:0005666
term: RNA polymerase III complex
ontology: CC
definition:
RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


go_id: GO:0005667
term: transcription regulator complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.


go_id: GO:0005668
term: RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.


go_id: GO:0005669
term: transcription factor TFIID complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.


go_id: GO:0005672
term: transcription factor TFIIA complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).


go_id: GO:0005673
term: transcription factor TFIIE complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.


go_id: GO:0005674
term: transcription factor TFIIF complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.


go_id: GO:0005675
term: transcription factor TFIIH holo complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of  the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


go_id: GO:0005677
term: chromatin silencing complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.


go_id: GO:0005680
term: anaphase-promoting complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.


go_id: GO:0005681
term: spliceosomal complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.


go_id: GO:0005682
term: U5 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005683
term: U7 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the U7 snRNA and is required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0005684
term: U2-type spliceosomal complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.


go_id: GO:0005685
term: U1 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U1 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U1 snRNA both while the U1 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005686
term: U2 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U2, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U2 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U2 snRNA both while the U2 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005687
term: U4 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005688
term: U6 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6 snRNA both while the U6 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005689
term: U12-type spliceosomal complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.


go_id: GO:0005690
term: U4atac snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac complex or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005691
term: U6atac snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6atac snRNA both while the U6atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005692
term: U11 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U11, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U11 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U11 snRNA both while the U11 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005693
term: U12 snRNP
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


go_id: GO:0005694
term: chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.


go_id: GO:0005697
term: telomerase holoenzyme complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.


go_id: GO:0005700
term: polytene chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.


go_id: GO:0005702
term: polytene chromosome weak point
ontology: CC
definition:
A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.


go_id: GO:0005703
term: polytene chromosome puff
ontology: CC
definition:
A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.


go_id: GO:0005704
term: polytene chromosome band
ontology: CC
definition:
A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.


go_id: GO:0005712
term: chiasma
ontology: CC
definition:
A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.


go_id: GO:0005714
term: early recombination nodule
ontology: CC
definition:
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0005715
term: late recombination nodule
ontology: CC
definition:
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0005721
term: pericentric heterochromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


go_id: GO:0005722
term: beta-heterochromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.


go_id: GO:0005723
term: alpha-heterochromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.


go_id: GO:0005725
term: intercalary heterochromatin
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0005726
term: perichromatin fibrils
ontology: CC
definition:
Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.


go_id: GO:0005728
term: extrachromosomal rDNA circle
ontology: CC
definition:
Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.


go_id: GO:0005729
term: 2-micrometer circle DNA
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.


go_id: GO:0005730
term: nucleolus
ontology: CC
definition:
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0005731
term: nucleolus organizer region
ontology: CC
definition:
A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.


go_id: GO:0005732
term: sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family and associated proteins. Many are involved in a step of processing of rRNA molecules: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation, but other RNA types can be targets as well. The majority fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type, which are conserved across eukaryotes and archaea. Other members include the telomerase RNA and the ribonuclease MRP RNA.


go_id: GO:0005736
term: RNA polymerase I complex
ontology: CC
definition:
RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


go_id: GO:0005737
term: cytoplasm
ontology: CC
definition:
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.


go_id: GO:0005739
term: mitochondrion
ontology: CC
definition:
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.


go_id: GO:0005740
term: mitochondrial envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0005742
term: mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.


go_id: GO:0005743
term: mitochondrial inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


go_id: GO:0005744
term: TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.


go_id: GO:0005745
term: m-AAA complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.


go_id: GO:0005746
term: mitochondrial respirasome
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0005747
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.


go_id: GO:0005749
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


go_id: GO:0005750
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.


go_id: GO:0005751
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).


go_id: GO:0005754
term: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
ontology: CC
definition:
The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.


go_id: GO:0005756
term: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
ontology: CC
definition:
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.


go_id: GO:0005757
term: mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).


go_id: GO:0005759
term: mitochondrial matrix
ontology: CC
definition:
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.


go_id: GO:0005760
term: gamma DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.


go_id: GO:0005761
term: mitochondrial ribosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.


go_id: GO:0005762
term: mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit
ontology: CC
definition:
The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


go_id: GO:0005764
term: lysosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


go_id: GO:0005767
term: secondary lysosome
ontology: CC
definition:
Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.


go_id: GO:0005769
term: early endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.


go_id: GO:0005770
term: late endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


go_id: GO:0005771
term: multivesicular body
ontology: CC
definition:
A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0005773
term: vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


go_id: GO:0005774
term: vacuolar membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


go_id: GO:0005776
term: autophagosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.


go_id: GO:0005777
term: peroxisome
ontology: CC
definition:
A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.


go_id: GO:0005779
term: integral component of peroxisomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0005780
term: extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


go_id: GO:0005782
term: peroxisomal matrix
ontology: CC
definition:
The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.


go_id: GO:0005783
term: endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


go_id: GO:0005784
term: Sec61 translocon complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


go_id: GO:0005785
term: signal recognition particle receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.


go_id: GO:0005786
term: signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0005787
term: signal peptidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.


go_id: GO:0005790
term: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.


go_id: GO:0005791
term: rough endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.


