# go_term

go_id: GO:0042277
term: peptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.


go_id: GO:0042278
term: purine nucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0042279
term: nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.


go_id: GO:0042281
term: dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


go_id: GO:0042283
term: dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


go_id: GO:0042284
term: sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


go_id: GO:0042285
term: xylosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0042287
term: MHC protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


go_id: GO:0042288
term: MHC class I protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


go_id: GO:0042289
term: MHC class II protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


go_id: GO:0042292
term: URM1 activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


go_id: GO:0042293
term: Hub1 activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier Hub1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


go_id: GO:0042294
term: URM1 transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y --> Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


go_id: GO:0042296
term: ISG15 transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y --> Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


go_id: GO:0042297
term: vocal learning
ontology: BP
definition:
A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.


go_id: GO:0042299
term: lupeol synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lupeol. This reaction is the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) to lupeol.


go_id: GO:0042300
term: beta-amyrin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = beta-amyrin. This reaction is the cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into beta-amyrin.


go_id: GO:0042303
term: molting cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.


go_id: GO:0042304
term: regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.


go_id: GO:0042305
term: specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0042306
term: regulation of protein import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042307
term: positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042308
term: negative regulation of protein import into nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042309
term: homoiothermy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.


go_id: GO:0042310
term: vasoconstriction
ontology: BP
definition:
A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, due to constriction of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually causing an increase in blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0042311
term: vasodilation
ontology: BP
definition:
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


go_id: GO:0042314
term: bacteriochlorophyll binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.


go_id: GO:0042316
term: penicillin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.


go_id: GO:0042317
term: penicillin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


go_id: GO:0042318
term: penicillin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


go_id: GO:0042321
term: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


go_id: GO:0042322
term: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


go_id: GO:0042323
term: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


go_id: GO:0042325
term: regulation of phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.


go_id: GO:0042326
term: negative regulation of phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


go_id: GO:0042327
term: positive regulation of phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


go_id: GO:0042328
term: heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0042329
term: structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0042333
term: chemotaxis to oxidizable substrate
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.


go_id: GO:0042334
term: taxis to electron acceptor
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.


go_id: GO:0042335
term: cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.


go_id: GO:0042337
term: cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0042338
term: cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0042339
term: keratan sulfate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


go_id: GO:0042340
term: keratan sulfate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


go_id: GO:0042341
term: cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


go_id: GO:0042342
term: cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


go_id: GO:0042343
term: indole glucosinolate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0042344
term: indole glucosinolate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0042349
term: guiding stereospecific synthesis activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The orientation of free radical substrates in such a way that only a particular stereoisomer is synthesized by an enzyme. Best characterized as a function during lignan biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042350
term: GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0042351
term: 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).


go_id: GO:0042352
term: GDP-L-fucose salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30).


go_id: GO:0042354
term: L-fucose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.


go_id: GO:0042356
term: GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.


go_id: GO:0042357
term: thiamine diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


go_id: GO:0042358
term: thiamine diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


go_id: GO:0042359
term: vitamin D metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


go_id: GO:0042360
term: vitamin E metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


go_id: GO:0042361
term: menaquinone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


go_id: GO:0042362
term: fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


go_id: GO:0042363
term: fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


go_id: GO:0042364
term: water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


go_id: GO:0042365
term: water-soluble vitamin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


go_id: GO:0042366
term: cobalamin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


go_id: GO:0042367
term: biotin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.


go_id: GO:0042368
term: vitamin D biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


go_id: GO:0042369
term: vitamin D catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


go_id: GO:0042370
term: thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


go_id: GO:0042371
term: vitamin K biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.


go_id: GO:0042372
term: phylloquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


go_id: GO:0042373
term: vitamin K metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule.


go_id: GO:0042374
term: phylloquinone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.


go_id: GO:0042376
term: phylloquinone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


go_id: GO:0042377
term: vitamin K catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.


go_id: GO:0042380
term: hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.


go_id: GO:0042381
term: hemolymph coagulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


go_id: GO:0042382
term: paraspeckles
ontology: CC
definition:
Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.


go_id: GO:0042383
term: sarcolemma
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


go_id: GO:0042385
term: myosin III complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.


go_id: GO:0042386
term: hemocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0042387
term: plasmatocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response.


go_id: GO:0042388
term: gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


go_id: GO:0042390
term: gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


go_id: GO:0042391
term: regulation of membrane potential
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0042393
term: histone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0042395
term: ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
ontology: BP
definition:
The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.


go_id: GO:0042396
term: phosphagen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


go_id: GO:0042397
term: phosphagen catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


go_id: GO:0042398
term: cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


go_id: GO:0042399
term: ectoine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042400
term: ectoine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042401
term: cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


go_id: GO:0042402
term: cellular biogenic amine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


go_id: GO:0042403
term: thyroid hormone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


go_id: GO:0042404
term: thyroid hormone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


go_id: GO:0042406
term: extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


go_id: GO:0042409
term: caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0042412
term: taurine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


go_id: GO:0042413
term: carnitine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


go_id: GO:0042414
term: epinephrine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042415
term: norepinephrine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042416
term: dopamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


go_id: GO:0042417
term: dopamine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


go_id: GO:0042418
term: epinephrine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042419
term: epinephrine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042420
term: dopamine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


go_id: GO:0042421
term: norepinephrine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042422
term: norepinephrine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042423
term: catecholamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


go_id: GO:0042424
term: catecholamine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


go_id: GO:0042425
term: choline biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


go_id: GO:0042426
term: choline catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


go_id: GO:0042427
term: serotonin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


go_id: GO:0042428
term: serotonin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


go_id: GO:0042429
term: serotonin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


go_id: GO:0042430
term: indole-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


go_id: GO:0042431
term: indole metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0042432
term: indole biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0042433
term: indole catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0042435
term: indole-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


go_id: GO:0042436
term: indole-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


go_id: GO:0042437
term: indoleacetic acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


go_id: GO:0042438
term: melanin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


go_id: GO:0042439
term: ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it.


go_id: GO:0042440
term: pigment metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


go_id: GO:0042441
term: eye pigment metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


go_id: GO:0042442
term: melatonin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


go_id: GO:0042443
term: phenylethylamine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


go_id: GO:0042444
term: phenylethylamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


go_id: GO:0042445
term: hormone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


go_id: GO:0042446
term: hormone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


go_id: GO:0042447
term: hormone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


go_id: GO:0042448
term: progesterone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


go_id: GO:0042450
term: arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.


go_id: GO:0042451
term: purine nucleoside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0042452
term: deoxyguanosine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0042453
term: deoxyguanosine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


go_id: GO:0042454
term: ribonucleoside catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


go_id: GO:0042455
term: ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


go_id: GO:0042457
term: ethylene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


go_id: GO:0042458
term: nopaline catabolic process to proline
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.


go_id: GO:0042459
term: octopine catabolic process to proline
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline.


go_id: GO:0042461
term: photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.


go_id: GO:0042462
term: eye photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.


go_id: GO:0042463
term: ocellus photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


go_id: GO:0042464
term: dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by an inactivation of a proportion of genes on both of the X chromosomes of the XX sex, leading to a decrease, of half, of the levels of gene expression from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0042465
term: kinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


go_id: GO:0042466
term: chemokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).


go_id: GO:0042467
term: orthokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.


go_id: GO:0042468
term: klinokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.


go_id: GO:0042470
term: melanosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.


go_id: GO:0042471
term: ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


go_id: GO:0042472
term: inner ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.


go_id: GO:0042473
term: outer ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.


go_id: GO:0042474
term: middle ear morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).


go_id: GO:0042475
term: odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.


go_id: GO:0042476
term: odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


go_id: GO:0042479
term: positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


go_id: GO:0042480
term: negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


go_id: GO:0042481
term: regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042482
term: positive regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042483
term: negative regulation of odontogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


go_id: GO:0042487
term: regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0042488
term: positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


go_id: GO:0042489
term: negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


go_id: GO:0042490
term: mechanoreceptor differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


go_id: GO:0042491
term: inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


go_id: GO:0042492
term: gamma-delta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


go_id: GO:0042494
term: detection of bacterial lipoprotein
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


go_id: GO:0042495
term: detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042496
term: detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


go_id: GO:0042500
term: aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.


go_id: GO:0042501
term: serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042509
term: regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042531
term: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042532
term: negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


go_id: GO:0042537
term: benzene-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.


go_id: GO:0042538
term: hyperosmotic salinity response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0042539
term: hypotonic salinity response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0042540
term: hemoglobin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.


go_id: GO:0042541
term: hemoglobin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


go_id: GO:0042542
term: response to hydrogen peroxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0042544
term: melibiose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0042545
term: cell wall modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


go_id: GO:0042546
term: cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0042547
term: cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.


go_id: GO:0042548
term: regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042549
term: photosystem II stabilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042550
term: photosystem I stabilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The stabilization of the photosystem I protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0042551
term: neuron maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.


go_id: GO:0042552
term: myelination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0042554
term: superoxide anion generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.


go_id: GO:0042558
term: pteridine-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042559
term: pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042560
term: pteridine-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


go_id: GO:0042561
term: alpha-amyrin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = alpha-amyrin. This reaction is a cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into alpha-amyrin.


go_id: GO:0042562
term: hormone binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.


go_id: GO:0042564
term: NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


go_id: GO:0042565
term: RNA nuclear export complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


go_id: GO:0042566
term: hydrogenosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.


go_id: GO:0042567
term: insulin-like growth factor ternary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


go_id: GO:0042568
term: insulin-like growth factor binary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


go_id: GO:0042571
term: immunoglobulin complex, circulating
ontology: CC
definition:
An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.


go_id: GO:0042572
term: retinol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042573
term: retinoic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042574
term: retinal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


go_id: GO:0042575
term: DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.


go_id: GO:0042578
term: phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.


go_id: GO:0042579
term: microbody
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


go_id: GO:0042580
term: mannosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.


go_id: GO:0042581
term: specific granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


go_id: GO:0042582
term: azurophil granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


go_id: GO:0042583
term: chromaffin granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042584
term: chromaffin granule membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


go_id: GO:0042585
term: germinal vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.


go_id: GO:0042587
term: glycogen granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.


go_id: GO:0042588
term: zymogen granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.


go_id: GO:0042590
term: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042593
term: glucose homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0042594
term: response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0042595
term: behavioral response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0042597
term: periplasmic space
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).


go_id: GO:0042599
term: lamellar body
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


go_id: GO:0042600
term: egg chorion
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


go_id: GO:0042601
term: endospore-forming forespore
ontology: CC
definition:
Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions.


go_id: GO:0042603
term: capsule
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.


go_id: GO:0042610
term: CD8 receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a CD8, a receptor found on the surface of thymocytes and cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes.


go_id: GO:0042611
term: MHC protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


go_id: GO:0042612
term: MHC class I protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042613
term: MHC class II protein complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


go_id: GO:0042614
term: CD70 receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a CD70, a receptor found on the surface of most activated B cells and some activated T cells.


go_id: GO:0042617
term: paclitaxel biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia.


go_id: GO:0042618
term: poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0042619
term: poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


go_id: GO:0042620
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042621
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0042625
term: ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042626
term: ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.


go_id: GO:0042627
term: chylomicron
ontology: CC
definition:
A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


go_id: GO:0042628
term: mating plug formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.


go_id: GO:0042629
term: mast cell granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.


go_id: GO:0042630
term: behavioral response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0042631
term: cellular response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0042632
term: cholesterol homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0042633
term: hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


go_id: GO:0042634
term: regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042635
term: positive regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042636
term: negative regulation of hair cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


go_id: GO:0042637
term: catagen
ontology: BP
definition:
The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.


go_id: GO:0042649
term: prothylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.


go_id: GO:0042650
term: prothylakoid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.


go_id: GO:0042652
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment
ontology: CC
definition:
The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


go_id: GO:0042653
term: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment
ontology: CC
definition:
The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


go_id: GO:0042662
term: negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


go_id: GO:0042667
term: auditory receptor cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042668
term: auditory receptor cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042670
term: retinal cone cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.


go_id: GO:0042671
term: retinal cone cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042672
term: retinal cone cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042675
term: compound eye cone cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.


go_id: GO:0042676
term: compound eye cone cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.


go_id: GO:0042679
term: compound eye cone cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042680
term: compound eye cone cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042684
term: cardioblast cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042685
term: cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042686
term: regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0042688
term: crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


go_id: GO:0042690
term: negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0042691
term: positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0042692
term: muscle cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.


go_id: GO:0042694
term: muscle cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0042698
term: ovulation cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


go_id: GO:0042699
term: follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by follicle-stimulating hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


go_id: GO:0042700
term: luteinizing hormone signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


go_id: GO:0042701
term: progesterone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


go_id: GO:0042702
term: uterine wall growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels.


go_id: GO:0042703
term: menstruation
ontology: BP
definition:
The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.


go_id: GO:0042704
term: uterine wall breakdown
ontology: BP
definition:
The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.


go_id: GO:0042705
term: ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.


go_id: GO:0042706
term: eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


go_id: GO:0042707
term: ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


go_id: GO:0042709
term: succinate-CoA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.


go_id: GO:0042710
term: biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0042713
term: sperm ejaculation
ontology: BP
definition:
The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.


go_id: GO:0042714
term: dosage compensation complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0042715
ontology: BP
term:
dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome

definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


go_id: GO:0042716
term: plasma membrane-derived chromatophore
ontology: CC
definition:
A pigment-bearing structure that is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle. This component is found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria.


go_id: GO:0042717
term: plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.


go_id: GO:0042718
term: yolk granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Discrete structures that partition the water-insoluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.


go_id: GO:0042719
term: mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.


go_id: GO:0042720
term: mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0042721
term: TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


go_id: GO:0042722
term: alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


go_id: GO:0042724
term: thiamine-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), and related compounds.


go_id: GO:0042725
term: thiamine-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


go_id: GO:0042726
term: flavin-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042727
term: flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042728
term: flavin-containing compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


go_id: GO:0042729
term: DASH complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the outer kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.


go_id: GO:0042730
term: fibrinolysis
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


go_id: GO:0042731
term: PH domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0042733
term: embryonic digit morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.


go_id: GO:0042734
term: presynaptic membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042740
term: exogenous antibiotic catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042741
term: endogenous antibiotic catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated internally within the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042742
term: defense response to bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042743
term: hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


go_id: GO:0042745
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


go_id: GO:0042747
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


go_id: GO:0042748
term: circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
ontology: BP
definition:
All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.


go_id: GO:0042750
term: hibernation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.


go_id: GO:0042751
term: estivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.


go_id: GO:0042752
term: regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


go_id: GO:0042753
term: positive regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


go_id: GO:0042754
term: negative regulation of circadian rhythm
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


go_id: GO:0042755
term: eating behavior
ontology: BP
definition:
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


go_id: GO:0042757
term: giant axon
ontology: CC
definition:
Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.


go_id: GO:0042758
term: long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0042759
term: long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0042760
term: very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


go_id: GO:0042761
term: very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


go_id: GO:0042762
term: regulation of sulfur metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.


go_id: GO:0042763
term: intracellular immature spore
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.


go_id: GO:0042764
term: ascospore-type prospore
ontology: CC
definition:
An immature spore undergoing development. The spore usually consists of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s). This type of spore is observed in ascospore-forming fungi.


go_id: GO:0042765
term: GPI-anchor transamidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


go_id: GO:0042771
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0042772
term: DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.


go_id: GO:0042773
term: ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0042774
term: plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042775
term: mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


go_id: GO:0042776
term: proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042777
term: proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042778
term: tRNA end turnover
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


go_id: GO:0042779
term: tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
ontology: BP
definition:
Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both.


go_id: GO:0042781
term: 3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


go_id: GO:0042783
term: evasion of host immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042784
term: evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042785
term: evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042786
term: evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0042789
term: mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


go_id: GO:0042790
term: nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


go_id: GO:0042791
term: 5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042794
term: plastid rRNA transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.


go_id: GO:0042795
term: snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.


go_id: GO:0042796
term: snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042797
term: tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


go_id: GO:0042799
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


go_id: GO:0042800
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


go_id: GO:0042807
term: central vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.


go_id: GO:0042809
term: nuclear vitamin D receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


go_id: GO:0042810
term: pheromone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042811
term: pheromone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042812
term: pheromone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


go_id: GO:0042813
term: Wnt receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0042815
term: bipolar cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size along one axis through simultaneous polarized growth from opposite ends of a cell, resulting in morphogenesis of the cell.


go_id: GO:0042816
term: vitamin B6 metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042817
term: pyridoxal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042818
term: pyridoxamine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042819
term: vitamin B6 biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042820
term: vitamin B6 catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0042821
term: pyridoxal biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


go_id: GO:0042822
term: pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


go_id: GO:0042823
term: pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


go_id: GO:0042824
term: MHC class I peptide loading complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


go_id: GO:0042825
term: TAP complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.


go_id: GO:0042827
term: platelet dense granule
ontology: CC
definition:
Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


go_id: GO:0042832
term: defense response to protozoan
ontology: BP
definition:
Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0042834
term: peptidoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0042836
term: D-glucarate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


go_id: GO:0042837
term: D-glucarate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


go_id: GO:0042838
term: D-glucarate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


go_id: GO:0042840
term: D-glucuronate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0042841
term: D-glucuronate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


go_id: GO:0042842
term: D-xylose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0042843
term: D-xylose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0042844
term: glycol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042845
term: glycol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042846
term: glycol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


go_id: GO:0042847
term: sorbose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


go_id: GO:0042848
term: sorbose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


go_id: GO:0042849
term: L-sorbose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


go_id: GO:0042850
term: L-sorbose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


go_id: GO:0042851
term: L-alanine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042852
term: L-alanine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042853
term: L-alanine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042854
term: eugenol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042855
term: eugenol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042856
term: eugenol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


go_id: GO:0042857
term: chrysobactin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042858
term: chrysobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042859
term: chrysobactin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


go_id: GO:0042861
term: achromobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


go_id: GO:0042862
term: achromobactin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


go_id: GO:0042863
term: pyochelin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042864
term: pyochelin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042865
term: pyochelin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


go_id: GO:0042868
term: antisense RNA metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.


go_id: GO:0042869
term: aldarate transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which aldarate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042870
term: D-glucarate transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042873
term: aldonate transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which aldonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042874
term: D-glucuronate transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042875
term: D-galactonate transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042878
term: D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042880
term: D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042881
term: D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042882
term: L-arabinose transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042883
term: cysteine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042884
term: microcin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042885
term: microcin B17 transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042886
term: amide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042887
term: amide transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042889
term: 3-phenylpropionic acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042892
term: chloramphenicol transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042893
term: polymyxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042894
term: fosmidomycin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042896
term: chloramphenicol transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042897
term: polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042898
term: fosmidomycin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042899
term: arabinan transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which arabinan is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042900
term: arabinose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042901
term: arabinan transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042902
term: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0042904
term: 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


go_id: GO:0042905
term: 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


go_id: GO:0042906
term: xanthine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0042907
term: xanthine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0042908
term: xenobiotic transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


go_id: GO:0042909
term: acridine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042910
term: xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


go_id: GO:0042911
term: acridine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042912
term: colicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


go_id: GO:0042913
term: group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042914
term: colicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


go_id: GO:0042915
term: group A colicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042918
term: alkanesulfonate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.


go_id: GO:0042919
term: benzoate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042920
term: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042923
term: neuropeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).


go_id: GO:0042924
term: neuromedin U binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.


go_id: GO:0042925
term: benzoate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042926
term: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042928
term: ferrichrome import into cell
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which ferrichrome is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0042929
term: ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


go_id: GO:0042930
term: enterobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042931
term: enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042932
term: chrysobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042933
term: chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042934
term: achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042935
term: achromobactin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042937
term: tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042938
term: dipeptide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042939
term: tripeptide transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042940
term: D-amino acid transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042941
term: D-alanine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042942
term: D-serine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042943
term: D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


go_id: GO:0042944
term: D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042945
term: D-serine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0042946
term: glucoside transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


go_id: GO:0042947
term: glucoside transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


go_id: GO:0042948
term: salicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042949
term: arbutin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042950
term: salicin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042951
term: arbutin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042952
term: beta-ketoadipate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


go_id: GO:0042953
term: lipoprotein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042955
term: dextrin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042956
term: maltodextrin transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0042957
term: dextrin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042958
term: maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0042960
term: antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0042961
term: ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


go_id: GO:0042962
term: acridine:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).


go_id: GO:0042966
term: biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.


go_id: GO:0042968
term: homoserine transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0042970
term: homoserine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


go_id: GO:0042972
term: licheninase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


go_id: GO:0042974
term: nuclear retinoic acid receptor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a nuclear retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.


go_id: GO:0042976
term: activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0042982
term: amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042983
term: amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042984
term: regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


go_id: GO:0042985
term: negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


go_id: GO:0042986
term: positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


go_id: GO:0042987
term: amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


go_id: GO:0042989
term: sequestering of actin monomers
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.


go_id: GO:0042994
term: cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


go_id: GO:0042996
term: regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042997
term: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042998
term: positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0042999
term: regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043000
term: Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043001
term: Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043002
term: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043003
term: positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043004
term: cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein
ontology: BP
definition:
The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane.


go_id: GO:0043009
term: chordate embryonic development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.


go_id: GO:0043010
term: camera-type eye development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


go_id: GO:0043011
term: myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


go_id: GO:0043020
term: NADPH oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


go_id: GO:0043025
term: neuronal cell body
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


go_id: GO:0043027
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043028
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase regulator activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043029
term: T cell homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043031
term: negative regulation of macrophage activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


go_id: GO:0043033
term: isoamylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.


go_id: GO:0043034
term: costamere
ontology: CC
definition:
Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0043035
term: chromatin insulator sequence binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.


go_id: GO:0043036
term: starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0043038
term: amino acid activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043039
term: tRNA aminoacylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid  group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.


go_id: GO:0043040
term: tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043042
term: amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
ontology: BP
definition:
Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


go_id: GO:0043043
term: peptide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


go_id: GO:0043045
term: DNA methylation involved in embryo development
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.


go_id: GO:0043046
term: DNA methylation involved in gamete generation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.


go_id: GO:0043048
term: dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


go_id: GO:0043049
term: otic placode formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.


go_id: GO:0043050
term: pharyngeal pumping
ontology: BP
definition:
The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.


go_id: GO:0043051
term: regulation of pharyngeal pumping
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


go_id: GO:0043052
term: thermotaxis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


go_id: GO:0043055
term: maintenance of dauer
ontology: BP
definition:
Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


go_id: GO:0043058
term: regulation of backward locomotion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


go_id: GO:0043059
term: regulation of forward locomotion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


go_id: GO:0043060
term: meiotic metaphase I plate congression
ontology: BP
definition:
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.


go_id: GO:0043061
term: meiotic metaphase II plate congression
ontology: BP
definition:
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.


go_id: GO:0043062
term: extracellular structure organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


go_id: GO:0043063
term: intercellular bridge organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.


go_id: GO:0043065
term: positive regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043066
term: negative regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043067
term: regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0043068
term: positive regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0043069
term: negative regulation of programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0043076
term: megasporocyte nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.


go_id: GO:0043078
term: polar nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043079
term: antipodal cell nucleus
ontology: CC
definition:
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.


go_id: GO:0043083
term: synaptic cleft
ontology: CC
definition:
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.


go_id: GO:0043084
term: penile erection
ontology: BP
definition:
The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


go_id: GO:0043093
term: FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


go_id: GO:0043094
term: cellular metabolic compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043096
term: purine nucleobase salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043097
term: pyrimidine nucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043098
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043099
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043100
term: pyrimidine nucleobase salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043101
term: purine-containing compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043103
term: hypoxanthine salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043107
term: type IV pilus-dependent motility
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


go_id: GO:0043110
term: rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.


go_id: GO:0043111
term: replication fork arrest
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.


go_id: GO:0043112
term: receptor metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0043113
term: receptor clustering
ontology: BP
definition:
The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


go_id: GO:0043121
term: neurotrophin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


go_id: GO:0043123
term: positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


go_id: GO:0043124
term: negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


go_id: GO:0043129
term: surfactant homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli.


go_id: GO:0043130
term: ubiquitin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.


go_id: GO:0043132
term: NAD transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


go_id: GO:0043133
term: hindgut contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


go_id: GO:0043134
term: regulation of hindgut contraction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


go_id: GO:0043135
term: 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


go_id: GO:0043137
term: DNA replication, removal of RNA primer
ontology: BP
definition:
Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


go_id: GO:0043143
term: regulation of translation by machinery localization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


go_id: GO:0043144
term: sno(s)RNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


go_id: GO:0043145
term: sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage
ontology: BP
definition:
The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


go_id: GO:0043149
term: stress fiber assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.


go_id: GO:0043150
term: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


go_id: GO:0043151
term: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


go_id: GO:0043153
term: entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
ontology: BP
definition:
The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


go_id: GO:0043154
term: negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043155
term: negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0043157
term: response to cation stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


go_id: GO:0043158
term: heterocyst differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.


go_id: GO:0043159
term: acrosomal matrix
ontology: CC
definition:
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.


go_id: GO:0043161
term: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0043162
term: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


go_id: GO:0043163
term: cell envelope organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


go_id: GO:0043164
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


go_id: GO:0043165
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


go_id: GO:0043170
term: macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0043171
term: peptide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


go_id: GO:0043173
term: nucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043174
term: nucleoside salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043175
term: RNA polymerase core enzyme binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.


go_id: GO:0043176
term: amine binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043179
term: rhythmic excitation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


go_id: GO:0043180
term: rhythmic inhibition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


go_id: GO:0043186
term: P granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


go_id: GO:0043190
term: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.


go_id: GO:0043194
term: axon initial segment
ontology: CC
definition:
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.


go_id: GO:0043195
term: terminal bouton
ontology: CC
definition:
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


go_id: GO:0043196
term: varicosity
ontology: CC
definition:
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


go_id: GO:0043197
term: dendritic spine
ontology: CC
definition:
A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse.  They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or  branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.


go_id: GO:0043198
term: dendritic shaft
ontology: CC
definition:
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.


go_id: GO:0043200
term: response to amino acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


go_id: GO:0043201
term: response to leucine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043207
term: response to external biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


go_id: GO:0043208
term: glycosphingolipid binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0043209
term: myelin sheath
ontology: CC
definition:
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0043210
term: alkanesulfonate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


go_id: GO:0043211
term: ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0043212
term: carbohydrate-exporting ABC transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).


go_id: GO:0043213
term: bacteriocin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.


go_id: GO:0043214
term: ABC-type bacteriocin transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043215
term: daunorubicin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043217
term: myelin maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


go_id: GO:0043218
term: compact myelin
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.


go_id: GO:0043219
term: lateral loop
ontology: CC
definition:
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.


go_id: GO:0043220
term: Schmidt-Lanterman incisure
ontology: CC
definition:
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0043221
term: SMC family protein binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.


go_id: GO:0043223
term: cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


go_id: GO:0043224
term: nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


go_id: GO:0043225
term: ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).


go_id: GO:0043226
term: organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043227
term: membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043228
term: non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0043229
term: intracellular organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043230
term: extracellular organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.


go_id: GO:0043231
term: intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0043232
term: intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


go_id: GO:0043233
term: organelle lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


go_id: GO:0043235
term: receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


go_id: GO:0043240
term: Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


go_id: GO:0043242
term: negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043243
term: positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043244
term: regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


go_id: GO:0043245
term: extraorganismal space
ontology: CC
definition:
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.


go_id: GO:0043246
term: megasome
ontology: CC
definition:
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


go_id: GO:0043249
term: erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


go_id: GO:0043250
term: sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0043251
term: sodium-dependent organic anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043252
term: sodium-independent organic anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043255
term: regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0043256
term: laminin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.


go_id: GO:0043263
term: cellulosome
ontology: CC
definition:
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.


go_id: GO:0043264
term: extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.


go_id: GO:0043266
term: regulation of potassium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043267
term: negative regulation of potassium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043268
term: positive regulation of potassium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043269
term: regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043270
term: positive regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043271
term: negative regulation of ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0043272
term: ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0043273
term: CTPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP +  H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


go_id: GO:0043276
term: anoikis
ontology: BP
definition:
Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0043278
term: response to morphine
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


go_id: GO:0043279
term: response to alkaloid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


go_id: GO:0043280
term: positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043282
term: pharyngeal muscle development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


go_id: GO:0043286
term: regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043287
term: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043288
term: apocarotenoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043289
term: apocarotenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043290
term: apocarotenoid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0043291
term: RAVE complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.


go_id: GO:0043292
term: contractile fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


go_id: GO:0043293
term: apoptosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


go_id: GO:0043294
term: mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


go_id: GO:0043295
term: glutathione binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


go_id: GO:0043296
term: apical junction complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.


go_id: GO:0043297
term: apical junction assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


go_id: GO:0043303
term: mast cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


go_id: GO:0043307
term: eosinophil activation
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


go_id: GO:0043308
term: eosinophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.


go_id: GO:0043312
term: neutrophil degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.


go_id: GO:0043316
term: cytotoxic T cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.


go_id: GO:0043319
term: positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


go_id: GO:0043320
term: natural killer cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


go_id: GO:0043323
term: positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


go_id: GO:0043324
term: pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


go_id: GO:0043325
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


go_id: GO:0043328
ontology: BP
term:
protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

definition:
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


go_id: GO:0043330
term: response to exogenous dsRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043331
term: response to dsRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043332
term: mating projection tip
ontology: CC
definition:
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


go_id: GO:0043333
term: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043334
term: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043335
term: protein unfolding
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


go_id: GO:0043336
term: site-specific telomere resolvase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.


go_id: GO:0043337
term: cardiolipin synthase (CMP-forming)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0043338
term: CTP:2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.


go_id: GO:0043353
term: enucleate erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0043354
term: enucleate erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043362
term: nucleate erythrocyte maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


go_id: GO:0043363
term: nucleate erythrocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


go_id: GO:0043364
term: glycyl-radical enzyme activating activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalyzes the activation of an enzyme by generating an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).


go_id: GO:0043365
term: [formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


go_id: GO:0043366
term: beta selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


go_id: GO:0043367
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043368
term: positive T cell selection
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


go_id: GO:0043369
term: CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


go_id: GO:0043370
term: regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043371
term: negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043372
term: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043373
term: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043374
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043375
term: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


go_id: GO:0043376
term: regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043377
term: negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043378
term: positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043382
term: positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0043384
term: pre-T cell receptor complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


go_id: GO:0043385
term: mycotoxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043386
term: mycotoxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043387
term: mycotoxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


go_id: GO:0043388
term: positive regulation of DNA binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0043392
term: negative regulation of DNA binding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


go_id: GO:0043395
term: heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


go_id: GO:0043396
term: corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.


go_id: GO:0043397
term: regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.


go_id: GO:0043398
term: HLH domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a Helix Loop Helix domain, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.


go_id: GO:0043399
term: tRNA A64-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043400
term: cortisol secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.


go_id: GO:0043403
term: skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.


go_id: GO:0043404
term: corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0043408
term: regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.


go_id: GO:0043409
term: negative regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


go_id: GO:0043410
term: positive regulation of MAPK cascade
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.


go_id: GO:0043412
term: macromolecule modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


go_id: GO:0043413
term: macromolecule glycosylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043414
term: macromolecule methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


go_id: GO:0043417
term: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


go_id: GO:0043418
term: homocysteine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0043419
term: urea catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


go_id: GO:0043422
term: protein kinase B binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.


go_id: GO:0043425
term: bHLH transcription factor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.


go_id: GO:0043426
term: MRF binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.


go_id: GO:0043427
term: carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


go_id: GO:0043428
term: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043429
term: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043430
term: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043431
term: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043433
term: negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


go_id: GO:0043434
term: response to peptide hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


go_id: GO:0043435
term: response to corticotropin-releasing hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


go_id: GO:0043436
term: oxoacid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


go_id: GO:0043438
term: acetoacetic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043441
term: acetoacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043442
term: acetoacetic acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


go_id: GO:0043446
term: cellular alkane metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043447
term: alkane biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.


go_id: GO:0043448
term: alkane catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.


go_id: GO:0043449
term: cellular alkene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043450
term: alkene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


go_id: GO:0043451
term: alkene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


go_id: GO:0043452
term: cellular alkyne metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043453
term: alkyne biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


go_id: GO:0043454
term: alkyne catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


go_id: GO:0043455
term: regulation of secondary metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


go_id: GO:0043456
term: regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043457
term: regulation of cellular respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.


go_id: GO:0043461
term: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.


go_id: GO:0043463
term: regulation of rhamnose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


go_id: GO:0043464
term: malolactic fermentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


go_id: GO:0043465
term: regulation of fermentation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


go_id: GO:0043467
term: regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


go_id: GO:0043468
term: regulation of fucose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.


go_id: GO:0043469
term: regulation of D-xylose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


go_id: GO:0043470
term: regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0043471
term: regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043473
term: pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.


go_id: GO:0043474
term: pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.


go_id: GO:0043475
term: pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.


go_id: GO:0043476
term: pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043477
term: pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.


go_id: GO:0043478
term: pigment accumulation in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043479
term: pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043480
term: pigment accumulation in tissues
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043481
term: anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043482
term: cellular pigment accumulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043483
term: anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0043484
term: regulation of RNA splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


go_id: GO:0043486
term: histone exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits.


go_id: GO:0043487
term: regulation of RNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.


go_id: GO:0043488
term: regulation of mRNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0043490
term: malate-aspartate shuttle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


go_id: GO:0043491
term: protein kinase B signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


go_id: GO:0043493
term: viral terminase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0043494
term: CLRC complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.


go_id: GO:0043495
term: protein-membrane adaptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a membrane, or bringing together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the protein, protein complex or organelle.


go_id: GO:0043496
term: regulation of protein homodimerization activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


go_id: GO:0043497
term: regulation of protein heterodimerization activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


go_id: GO:0043500
term: muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


go_id: GO:0043501
term: skeletal muscle adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.


go_id: GO:0043503
term: skeletal muscle fiber adaptation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


go_id: GO:0043505
term: CENP-A containing nucleosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


go_id: GO:0043509
term: activin A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).


go_id: GO:0043510
term: activin B complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).


go_id: GO:0043511
term: inhibin complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.


go_id: GO:0043512
term: inhibin A complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.


go_id: GO:0043513
term: inhibin B complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.


go_id: GO:0043514
term: interleukin-12 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


go_id: GO:0043515
term: kinetochore binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.


go_id: GO:0043516
term: regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043517
term: positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043518
term: negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


go_id: GO:0043519
term: regulation of myosin II filament organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043520
term: regulation of myosin II filament assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043521
term: regulation of myosin II filament disassembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


go_id: GO:0043522
term: leucine zipper domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.


go_id: GO:0043524
term: negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


go_id: GO:0043525
term: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0043528
term: tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.


go_id: GO:0043529
term: GET complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


go_id: GO:0043530
term: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0043532
term: angiostatin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043534
term: blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043535
term: regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043536
term: positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043537
term: negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


go_id: GO:0043538
term: regulation of actin phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.


go_id: GO:0043540
term: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043541
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.


go_id: GO:0043543
term: protein acylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.


go_id: GO:0043544
term: lipoamide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.


go_id: GO:0043545
term: molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


go_id: GO:0043546
term: molybdopterin cofactor binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


go_id: GO:0043548
term: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


go_id: GO:0043549
term: regulation of kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


go_id: GO:0043550
term: regulation of lipid kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


go_id: GO:0043551
term: regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


go_id: GO:0043552
term: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0043553
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.


go_id: GO:0043554
term: aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor
ontology: BP
definition:
The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.


go_id: GO:0043555
term: regulation of translation in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043556
term: regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0043557
term: regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0043558
term: regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


go_id: GO:0043559
term: insulin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


go_id: GO:0043560
term: insulin receptor substrate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein, an adaptor protein that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.


go_id: GO:0043561
term: regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0043562
term: cellular response to nitrogen levels
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


go_id: GO:0043564
term: Ku70:Ku80 complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.


go_id: GO:0043565
term: sequence-specific DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


go_id: GO:0043567
term: regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043568
term: positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043569
term: negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


go_id: GO:0043571
term: maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.


go_id: GO:0043572
term: plastid fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.


go_id: GO:0043573
term: leucoplast fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


go_id: GO:0043574
term: peroxisomal transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


go_id: GO:0043575
term: detection of osmotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0043576
term: regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.


go_id: GO:0043577
term: chemotropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0043578
term: nuclear matrix organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


go_id: GO:0043579
term: elaioplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.


go_id: GO:0043580
term: periplasmic space organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.


go_id: GO:0043582
term: sporangium development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.


go_id: GO:0043583
term: ear development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


go_id: GO:0043584
term: nose development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


go_id: GO:0043585
term: nose morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


go_id: GO:0043586
term: tongue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


go_id: GO:0043587
term: tongue morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


go_id: GO:0043588
term: skin development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0043589
term: skin morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


go_id: GO:0043591
term: endospore external encapsulating structure
ontology: CC
definition:
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.


go_id: GO:0043592
term: exosporium
ontology: CC
definition:
The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.


go_id: GO:0043593
term: endospore coat
ontology: CC
definition:
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.


go_id: GO:0043594
term: outer endospore membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


go_id: GO:0043595
term: endospore cortex
ontology: CC
definition:
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0043596
term: nuclear replication fork
ontology: CC
definition:
The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0043597
term: cytoplasmic replication fork
ontology: CC
definition:
The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0043598
term: cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.


go_id: GO:0043599
term: nuclear DNA replication factor C complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.


go_id: GO:0043600
term: cytoplasmic replisome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.


go_id: GO:0043601
term: nuclear replisome
ontology: CC
definition:
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


go_id: GO:0043602
term: nitrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


go_id: GO:0043603
term: cellular amide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0043604
term: amide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043605
term: cellular amide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


go_id: GO:0043606
term: formamide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043607
term: formamide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043608
term: formamide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


go_id: GO:0043614
term: multi-eIF complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.


go_id: GO:0043615
term: astrocyte cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.


go_id: GO:0043616
term: keratinocyte proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


go_id: GO:0043617
term: cellular response to sucrose starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.


go_id: GO:0043618
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043619
term: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


go_id: GO:0043620
term: regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


go_id: GO:0043622
term: cortical microtubule organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


go_id: GO:0043625
term: delta DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


go_id: GO:0043626
term: PCNA complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.


go_id: GO:0043627
term: response to estrogen
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


go_id: GO:0043629
term: ncRNA polyadenylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.


go_id: GO:0043630
term: ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.


go_id: GO:0043632
term: modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.


go_id: GO:0043633
term: polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.


go_id: GO:0043634
term: polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.


go_id: GO:0043635
term: methylnaphthalene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


go_id: GO:0043636
term: bisphenol A catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.


go_id: GO:0043637
term: puromycin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


go_id: GO:0043638
term: puromycin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


go_id: GO:0043639
term: benzoate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


go_id: GO:0043640
term: benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.


go_id: GO:0043641
term: novobiocin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


go_id: GO:0043642
term: novobiocin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


go_id: GO:0043643
term: tetracycline metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0043644
term: tetracycline biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0043645
term: cephalosporin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043646
term: cephalosporin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0043647
term: inositol phosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


go_id: GO:0043648
term: dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


go_id: GO:0043649
term: dicarboxylic acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


go_id: GO:0043650
term: dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


go_id: GO:0043651
term: linoleic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


go_id: GO:0043653
term: mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.


go_id: GO:0043654
term: recognition of apoptotic cell
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.


go_id: GO:0043655
term: host extracellular space
ontology: CC
definition:
The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.


go_id: GO:0043657
term: host cell
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.


go_id: GO:0043658
term: host symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.


go_id: GO:0043659
term: symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).


go_id: GO:0043660
term: bacteroid-containing symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.


go_id: GO:0043661
term: peribacteroid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


go_id: GO:0043662
term: peribacteroid fluid
ontology: CC
definition:
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.


go_id: GO:0043663
term: host bacteroid-containing symbiosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.


go_id: GO:0043664
term: host peribacteroid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


go_id: GO:0043665
term: host peribacteroid fluid
ontology: CC
definition:
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.


go_id: GO:0043666
term: regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.


go_id: GO:0043667
term: pollen wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.


go_id: GO:0043669
term: ectexine
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.


go_id: GO:0043674
term: columella
ontology: CC
definition:
A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).


go_id: GO:0043678
term: intine
ontology: CC
definition:
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0043679
term: axon terminus
ontology: CC
definition:
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


go_id: GO:0043682
term: P-type divalent copper transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


go_id: GO:0043684
term: type IV secretion system complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).


go_id: GO:0043685
term: conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043686
term: co-translational protein modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0043687
term: post-translational protein modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


go_id: GO:0043688
term: conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.


go_id: GO:0043691
term: reverse cholesterol transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.


go_id: GO:0043693
term: monoterpene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


go_id: GO:0043694
term: monoterpene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


go_id: GO:0043695
term: detection of pheromone
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0043696
term: dedifferentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.


go_id: GO:0043697
term: cell dedifferentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


go_id: GO:0043698
term: iridosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043699
term: leucosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.


go_id: GO:0043700
term: pterinosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043701
term: cyanosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043702
term: carotenoid vesicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vesicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


go_id: GO:0043703
term: photoreceptor cell fate determination
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


go_id: GO:0043704
term: photoreceptor cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0043705
term: cyanophycin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.


go_id: GO:0043707
term: cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


go_id: GO:0043708
term: cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.


go_id: GO:0043709
term: cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.


go_id: GO:0043710
term: cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.


go_id: GO:0043711
term: pilus organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.


go_id: GO:0043712
term: 2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.


go_id: GO:0043715
term: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.


go_id: GO:0043716
term: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.


go_id: GO:0043719
term: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


go_id: GO:0043720
term: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.


go_id: GO:0043723
term: 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.


go_id: GO:0043726
term: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043728
term: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0043729
term: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one formate-lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.


go_id: GO:0043730
term: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


go_id: GO:0043731
term: 6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.


go_id: GO:0043733
term: DNA-3-methylbase glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


go_id: GO:0043734
term: DNA-N1-methyladenine dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.


go_id: GO:0043737
term: deoxyribonuclease V activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043738
term: reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.


go_id: GO:0043739
term: G/U mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0043740
term: GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043741
term: alpha-aminoadipate acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


go_id: GO:0043743
term: LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


go_id: GO:0043744
term: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043748
term: O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0043750
term: phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.


go_id: GO:0043752
term: adenosylcobinamide kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).


go_id: GO:0043754
term: dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


go_id: GO:0043757
term: adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.


go_id: GO:0043759
term: methylbutanoate-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = AMP +  diphosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0043760
term: acetyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0043765
term: T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.


go_id: GO:0043767
term: pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).


go_id: GO:0043768
term: S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043769
term: Tpg-containing telomere binding complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.


go_id: GO:0043770
term: demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043772
term: acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043773
term: coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


go_id: GO:0043774
term: coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043776
term: cobalt-precorrin-6B C5-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.


go_id: GO:0043777
term: cobalt-precorrin-7 C15-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.


go_id: GO:0043780
term: cobalt-precorrin-5B C1-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


go_id: GO:0043781
term: cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.


go_id: GO:0043782
term: cobalt-precorrin-3 C17-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0043783
term: oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0043784
term: cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide + FMN + 3 H(+) = 2 cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + FMNH(2).


go_id: GO:0043785
term: cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.


go_id: GO:0043791
term: dimethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.


go_id: GO:0043792
term: enamidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H(2)O = 2-formylglutarate + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0043793
term: beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043797
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043799
term: glycine oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0043801
term: hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043802
term: hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043803
term: hydroxyneurosporene-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + spheroidene.


go_id: GO:0043805
term: indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043807
term: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043808
term: lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043810
term: ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein]. The enzyme, found in bacteria, catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ornithine lipids.


go_id: GO:0043811
term: phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0043812
term: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043813
term: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


go_id: GO:0043814
term: phospholactate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043815
term: phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043816
term: phosphoserine-tRNA(Cys) ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).


go_id: GO:0043819
term: precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.


go_id: GO:0043822
term: ribonuclease M5 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


go_id: GO:0043824
term: succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0043825
term: succinylornithine transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0043826
term: sulfur oxygenase reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.


go_id: GO:0043828
term: tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).


go_id: GO:0043830
term: thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.


go_id: GO:0043833
term: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


go_id: GO:0043834
term: trimethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.


go_id: GO:0043838
term: phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.


go_id: GO:0043839
term: lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


go_id: GO:0043840
term: branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0043842
term: Kdo transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.


go_id: GO:0043845
term: DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.


go_id: GO:0043846
term: DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.


go_id: GO:0043847
term: DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).


go_id: GO:0043849
term: Ras palmitoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.


go_id: GO:0043850
term: RecFOR complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.


go_id: GO:0043852
term: monomethylamine methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


go_id: GO:0043853
term: methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.


go_id: GO:0043854
term: cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0043855
term: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


go_id: GO:0043856
term: anti-sigma factor antagonist activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.


go_id: GO:0043857
term: N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043860
term: cyanophycin synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).


go_id: GO:0043864
term: indoleacetamide hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.


go_id: GO:0043866
term: adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0043867
term: 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.


go_id: GO:0043870
term: N-acetyl-gamma-aminoadipyl-phosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0043871
term: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


go_id: GO:0043873
term: pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


go_id: GO:0043874
term: acireductone synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043878
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0043879
term: glycolate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).


go_id: GO:0043882
term: malate:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0043886
term: structural constituent of carboxysome
ontology: MF
definition:
The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome, an organelle found in all cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO(2).


go_id: GO:0043887
term: melibiose:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0043888
term: (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043889
term: (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


go_id: GO:0043890
term: N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0043891
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0043893
term: acetate:cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).


go_id: GO:0043894
term: acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.


go_id: GO:0043895
term: cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.


go_id: GO:0043896
term: glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


go_id: GO:0043897
term: glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


go_id: GO:0043899
term: phosphoserine:homoserine phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.


go_id: GO:0043903
term: regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.


go_id: GO:0043916
term: DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0043918
term: cadaverine aminopropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.


go_id: GO:0043919
term: agmatine aminopropyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


go_id: GO:0043921
term: modulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


go_id: GO:0043922
term: negative regulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


go_id: GO:0043923
term: positive regulation by host of viral transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.


go_id: GO:0043924
term: suramin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.


go_id: GO:0043927
ontology: BP
term:
exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay

definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.


go_id: GO:0043928
term: exonucleolytic catabolism of deadenylated mRNA
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.


go_id: GO:0043929
term: primary ovarian follicle growth involved in double layer follicle stage
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043930
term: primary ovarian follicle growth involved in primary follicle stage
ontology: BP
definition:
Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.


go_id: GO:0043931
term: ossification involved in bone maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


go_id: GO:0043932
term: ossification involved in bone remodeling
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


go_id: GO:0043933
term: protein-containing complex organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.


go_id: GO:0043934
term: sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043935
term: sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043936
term: asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


go_id: GO:0043937
term: regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043938
term: positive regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043939
term: negative regulation of sporulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0043940
term: regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043941
term: positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043942
term: negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


go_id: GO:0043943
term: regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043944
term: negative regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043945
term: positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0043950
term: positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


go_id: GO:0043951
term: negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


go_id: GO:0043952
term: protein transport by the Sec complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.


go_id: GO:0043953
term: protein transport by the Tat complex
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.


go_id: GO:0043954
term: cellular component maintenance
ontology: BP
definition:
The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


go_id: GO:0043955
term: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0043963
term: modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043964
term: induction by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043965
term: suppression by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0043970
term: histone H3-K9 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043971
term: histone H3-K18 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043972
term: histone H3-K23 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043973
term: histone H3-K4 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043974
term: histone H3-K27 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043975
term: histone H3-K36 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043976
term: histone H3-K79 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043977
term: histone H2A-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043978
term: histone H2A-K9 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043979
term: histone H2B-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043980
term: histone H2B-K12 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043981
term: histone H4-K5 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043982
term: histone H4-K8 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043983
term: histone H4-K12 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043984
term: histone H4-K16 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043985
term: histone H4-R3 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0043992
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


go_id: GO:0043993
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).


go_id: GO:0043994
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


go_id: GO:0043995
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0043996
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).


go_id: GO:0043997
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


go_id: GO:0043998
term: H2A histone acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0043999
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0044000
term: movement in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044001
term: migration in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044002
term: acquisition of nutrients from host
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044003
term: modulation by symbiont of host process
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044010
term: single-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044011
term: single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044012
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K9 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


go_id: GO:0044013
term: H2B histone acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0044014
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K5 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


go_id: GO:0044015
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K12 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


go_id: GO:0044016
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).


go_id: GO:0044017
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).


go_id: GO:0044018
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).


go_id: GO:0044019
term: histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K72 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).


go_id: GO:0044020
term: histone methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4.


go_id: GO:0044023
term: histone kinase activity (H4-S1 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H4.


go_id: GO:0044024
term: histone kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.


go_id: GO:0044025
term: histone kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific)
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-14 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


go_id: GO:0044027
term: hypermethylation of CpG island
ontology: BP
definition:
An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


go_id: GO:0044029
term: hypomethylation of CpG island
ontology: BP
definition:
An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


go_id: GO:0044030
term: regulation of DNA methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.


go_id: GO:0044032
term: modulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044036
term: cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


go_id: GO:0044038
term: cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.


go_id: GO:0044042
term: glucan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0044053
term: translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044056
term: modulation by symbiont of host digestive system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044057
term: regulation of system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.


go_id: GO:0044058
term: regulation of digestive system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044059
term: modulation by symbiont of host endocrine process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.


go_id: GO:0044060
term: regulation of endocrine process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.


go_id: GO:0044062
term: regulation of excretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


go_id: GO:0044063
term: modulation by symbiont of host nervous system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


go_id: GO:0044064
term: modulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


go_id: GO:0044065
term: regulation of respiratory system process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


go_id: GO:0044066
term: modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.


go_id: GO:0044067
term: modification by symbiont of host intercellular junctions
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.


go_id: GO:0044068
term: modulation by symbiont of host cellular process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044069
term: modulation by symbiont of host anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044070
term: regulation of anion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0044071
term: modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.


go_id: GO:0044072
term: negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.


go_id: GO:0044073
term: modulation by symbiont of host translation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044074
term: negative regulation by symbiont of host translation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044075
term: modulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044076
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044077
term: modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044078
term: positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044079
term: modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044080
term: modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044081
term: modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044082
term: modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044083
term: modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044084
term: host cell membrane pore complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.


go_id: GO:0044085
term: cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044087
term: regulation of cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044088
term: regulation of vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


go_id: GO:0044089
term: positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


go_id: GO:0044090
term: positive regulation of vacuole organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


go_id: GO:0044091
term: membrane biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


go_id: GO:0044092
term: negative regulation of molecular function
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


go_id: GO:0044093
term: positive regulation of molecular function
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


go_id: GO:0044094
term: host cell nuclear part
ontology: CC
definition:
Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044095
term: host cell nucleoplasm
ontology: CC
definition:
That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044096
term: type IV pilus
ontology: CC
definition:
A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.


go_id: GO:0044099
term: polar tube
ontology: CC
definition:
A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.


go_id: GO:0044100
term: sporoplasm
ontology: CC
definition:
The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.


go_id: GO:0044102
term: purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


go_id: GO:0044106
term: cellular amine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0044107
term: cellular alcohol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044108
term: cellular alcohol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, carried out at the level of an individual cell.


go_id: GO:0044109
term: cellular alcohol catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, occurring at the level of the individual cell.


go_id: GO:0044111
term: formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044114
term: development of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044127
term: regulation of development of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044129
term: positive regulation of development of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044131
term: negative regulation of development of symbiont in host
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044145
term: modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044147
term: negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044149
term: positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


go_id: GO:0044154
term: histone H3-K14 acetylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0044155
term: host caveola
ontology: CC
definition:
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044156
term: host cell junction
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


go_id: GO:0044158
term: host cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.


go_id: GO:0044159
term: host thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0044163
term: host cytoskeleton
ontology: CC
definition:
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


go_id: GO:0044164
term: host cell cytosol
ontology: CC
definition:
The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


go_id: GO:0044165
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


go_id: GO:0044168
term: host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


go_id: GO:0044170
term: host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


go_id: GO:0044172
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.


go_id: GO:0044173
term: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


go_id: GO:0044174
term: host cell endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.


go_id: GO:0044176
term: host cell filopodium
ontology: CC
definition:
Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.


go_id: GO:0044177
term: host cell Golgi apparatus
ontology: CC
definition:
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


go_id: GO:0044179
term: hemolysis in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


go_id: GO:0044184
term: host cell late endosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


go_id: GO:0044187
term: host cell lysosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


go_id: GO:0044188
term: host cell lysosomal membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044190
term: host cell mitochondrial envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0044191
term: host cell mitochondrial membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


go_id: GO:0044192
term: host cell mitochondrial inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.


go_id: GO:0044194
term: cytolytic granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.


go_id: GO:0044195
term: nucleoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.


go_id: GO:0044197
term: Rel homology domain binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.


go_id: GO:0044199
term: host cell nuclear envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


go_id: GO:0044200
term: host cell nuclear membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0044202
term: host cell nuclear outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


go_id: GO:0044203
term: host cell nuclear lamina
ontology: CC
definition:
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.


go_id: GO:0044205
term: 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen.


go_id: GO:0044206
term: UMP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044207
term: translation initiation ternary complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


go_id: GO:0044208
term: 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


go_id: GO:0044209
term: AMP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044210
term: 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


go_id: GO:0044211
term: CTP salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0044214
term: spanning component of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.


go_id: GO:0044219
term: host cell plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.


go_id: GO:0044221
term: host cell synapse
ontology: CC
definition:
The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.


go_id: GO:0044222
term: anammoxosome
ontology: CC
definition:
An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.


go_id: GO:0044223
term: pirellulosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.


go_id: GO:0044227
term: methane-oxidizing organelle
ontology: CC
definition:
A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.


go_id: GO:0044229
term: host cell periplasmic space
ontology: CC
definition:
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


go_id: GO:0044230
term: host cell envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


go_id: GO:0044231
term: host cell presynaptic membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


go_id: GO:0044232
term: organelle membrane contact site
ontology: CC
definition:
A zone of apposition between the membranes of an organelle with another membrane, either another membrane of the same organelle, a membrane of another organelle, or the plasma membrane. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are structured by bridging complexes. They are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.


go_id: GO:0044233
term: mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.


go_id: GO:0044238
term: primary metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


go_id: GO:0044241
term: lipid digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044242
term: cellular lipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044245
term: polysaccharide digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044247
term: cellular polysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044248
term: cellular catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044249
term: cellular biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044250
term: negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation
ontology: BP
definition:
The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.


go_id: GO:0044256
term: protein digestion
ontology: BP
definition:
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044258
term: intestinal lipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


go_id: GO:0044260
term: cellular macromolecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044262
term: cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044264
term: cellular polysaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044265
term: cellular macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044269
term: glycerol ether catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


go_id: GO:0044270
term: cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


go_id: GO:0044271
term: cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


go_id: GO:0044272
term: sulfur compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


go_id: GO:0044273
term: sulfur compound catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


go_id: GO:0044275
term: cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0044278
term: cell wall disruption in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process carried out by an organism that results in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044280
term: subplasmalemmal coating
ontology: CC
definition:
Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.


go_id: GO:0044281
term: small molecule metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044282
term: small molecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044283
term: small molecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


go_id: GO:0044284
term: mitochondrial crista junction
ontology: CC
definition:
A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


go_id: GO:0044286
term: peg and socket contact
ontology: CC
definition:
A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.


go_id: GO:0044288
term: puncta adhaerentia
ontology: CC
definition:
A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.


go_id: GO:0044291
term: cell-cell contact zone
ontology: CC
definition:
Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


go_id: GO:0044292
term: dendrite terminus
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.


go_id: GO:0044293
term: dendriole
ontology: CC
definition:
Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


go_id: GO:0044296
term: dendritic tuft
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.


go_id: GO:0044297
term: cell body
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.


go_id: GO:0044298
term: cell body membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.


go_id: GO:0044299
term: C-fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.


go_id: GO:0044300
term: cerebellar mossy fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons a mossy-looking appearance in Golgi stained preparations.


go_id: GO:0044301
term: climbing fiber
ontology: CC
definition:
The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to climb along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.


go_id: GO:0044304
term: main axon
ontology: CC
definition:
The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.


go_id: GO:0044305
term: calyx of Held
ontology: CC
definition:
The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


go_id: GO:0044309
term: neuron spine
ontology: CC
definition:
A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.


go_id: GO:0044310
term: osmiophilic body
ontology: CC
definition:
A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.


go_id: GO:0044311
term: exoneme
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.


go_id: GO:0044312
term: crystalloid
ontology: CC
definition:
A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.


go_id: GO:0044313
term: protein K6-linked deubiquitination
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


go_id: GO:0044314
term: protein K27-linked ubiquitination
ontology: BP
definition:
A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


go_id: GO:0044315
term: protein secretion by the type VII secretion system
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.


go_id: GO:0044316
term: cone cell pedicle
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


go_id: GO:0044317
term: rod spherule
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.


go_id: GO:0044319
term: wound healing, spreading of cells
ontology: BP
definition:
The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


go_id: GO:0044320
term: cellular response to leptin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.


go_id: GO:0044321
term: response to leptin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


go_id: GO:0044322
term: endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
ontology: CC
definition:
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


go_id: GO:0044323
term: retinoic acid-responsive element binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


go_id: GO:0044325
term: transmembrane transporter binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0044328
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.


go_id: GO:0044329
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.


go_id: GO:0044330
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


go_id: GO:0044331
term: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


go_id: GO:0044332
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.


go_id: GO:0044333
term: Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


go_id: GO:0044334
ontology: BP
term:
canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


go_id: GO:0044335
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044336
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0044337
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0044338
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044339
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.


go_id: GO:0044340
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.


go_id: GO:0044341
term: sodium-dependent phosphate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.


go_id: GO:0044342
term: type B pancreatic cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


go_id: GO:0044343
term: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


go_id: GO:0044344
term: cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


go_id: GO:0044345
term: stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.


go_id: GO:0044346
term: fibroblast apoptotic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


go_id: GO:0044348
term: plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.


go_id: GO:0044349
term: DNA excision
ontology: BP
definition:
The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


go_id: GO:0044350
term: micropinocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.


go_id: GO:0044351
term: macropinocytosis
ontology: BP
definition:
An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


go_id: GO:0044357
term: regulation of rRNA stability
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.


go_id: GO:0044358
term: envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044360
term: modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044361
term: negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044362
term: negative regulation of molecular function in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044363
term: modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044364
term: disruption of cells of another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells.


go_id: GO:0044365
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044373
term: cytokinin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0044374
term: sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044375
term: regulation of peroxisome size
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


go_id: GO:0044377
term: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044378
term: non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending
ontology: MF
definition:
The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


go_id: GO:0044380
term: protein localization to cytoskeleton
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.


go_id: GO:0044381
term: glucose import in response to insulin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0044382
term: CLRC complex localization to heterochromatin
ontology: BP
definition:
The process by which a CLRC complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.


go_id: GO:0044383
term: host chromosome
ontology: CC
definition:
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044384
term: host outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044385
term: integral to membrane of host cell
ontology: CC
definition:
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. Occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044386
term: integral to host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. Occurring in a host cell.


go_id: GO:0044387
term: negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.


go_id: GO:0044391
term: ribosomal subunit
ontology: CC
definition:
Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.


go_id: GO:0044395
term: protein targeting to vacuolar membrane
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.


go_id: GO:0044396
term: actin cortical patch organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


go_id: GO:0044398
term: envenomation resulting in induction of edema in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.


go_id: GO:0044399
term: multi-species biofilm formation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


go_id: GO:0044403
term: biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
ontology: BP
definition:
A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.


go_id: GO:0044405
term: detection of host
ontology: BP
definition:
The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044406
term: adhesion of symbiont to host
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044407
term: single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044409
term: entry into host
ontology: BP
definition:
Entry of a symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of a host organism as part of the symbiont life cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044414
term: suppression of host defenses by symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044416
term: induction by symbiont of host defense response
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044417
term: translocation of molecules into host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044418
term: translocation of DNA into host
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0044465
term: modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.


go_id: GO:0044467
term: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.


go_id: GO:0044468
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044469
term: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044470
term: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044471
term: envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044472
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044473
term: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044474
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044475
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044476
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044477
term: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044478
term: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044479
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044480
term: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044481
term: envenomation resulting in proteolysis in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044482
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044483
term: envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044484
term: envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


go_id: GO:0044485
term: envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


go_id: GO:0044486
term: modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044487
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044488
term: modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044489
term: negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044490
term: positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


go_id: GO:0044491
term: positive regulation of molecular function in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044492
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044493
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044494
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044495
term: modulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


go_id: GO:0044496
term: negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


go_id: GO:0044497
term: positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


go_id: GO:0044498
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


go_id: GO:0044499
term: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


go_id: GO:0044500
term: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


go_id: GO:0044501
term: modulation of signal transduction in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044503
term: modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044504
term: modulation of receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044505
term: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044506
term: modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044507
term: positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


go_id: GO:0044508
term: glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


go_id: GO:0044509
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044510
term: envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044511
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044512
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044513
term: envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044514
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044515
ontology: BP
term:
envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

definition:
A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


go_id: GO:0044516
term: positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


