# go_term

go_id: GO:0008365
term: adult chitin-based cuticle development
ontology: BP
definition:
Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008366
term: axon ensheathment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.


go_id: GO:0008373
term: sialyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.


go_id: GO:0008375
term: acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.


go_id: GO:0008376
term: acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008377
term: light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


go_id: GO:0008378
term: galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0008379
term: thioredoxin peroxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + hydrogen peroxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008380
term: RNA splicing
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


go_id: GO:0008381
term: mechanosensitive ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


go_id: GO:0008385
term: IkappaB kinase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


go_id: GO:0008386
term: cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008391
term: arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


go_id: GO:0008392
term: arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008396
term: oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008398
term: sterol 14-demethylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 14alpha-methyl steroid + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a delta14 steroid + formate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


go_id: GO:0008403
term: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.


go_id: GO:0008404
term: arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008405
term: arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0008406
term: gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.


go_id: GO:0008407
term: chaeta morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


go_id: GO:0008408
term: 3'-5' exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.


go_id: GO:0008409
term: 5'-3' exonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.


go_id: GO:0008410
term: CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


go_id: GO:0008412
term: 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008413
term: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) +  phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.


go_id: GO:0008417
term: fucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


go_id: GO:0008418
term: protein-N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-asparaginyl-[protein] + H+ + H2O  = N-terminal L-aspartyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal asparagine residue in a peptide or protein.


go_id: GO:0008419
term: RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0008420
term: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) + H2O = (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008421
term: long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008422
term: beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0008424
term: glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008425
term: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0008426
term: protein kinase C inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


go_id: GO:0008429
term: phosphatidylethanolamine binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a phosphatidylethanolamine, a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0008431
term: vitamin E binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


go_id: GO:0008432
term: JUN kinase binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.


go_id: GO:0008437
term: thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hormone released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


go_id: GO:0008440
term: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008442
term: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008443
term: phosphofructokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule.


go_id: GO:0008444
term: CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008448
term: N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate.


go_id: GO:0008449
term: N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008452
term: RNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


go_id: GO:0008454
term: alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008455
term: alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008456
term: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides.


go_id: GO:0008457
ontology: MF
term:
beta-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


go_id: GO:0008459
term: chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008467
term: [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.


go_id: GO:0008469
term: histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


go_id: GO:0008470
term: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


go_id: GO:0008475
term: procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0008476
term: protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.


go_id: GO:0008480
term: sarcosine dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


go_id: GO:0008484
term: sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a sulfuric ester bond, an ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.


go_id: GO:0008486
term: diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008488
term: gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.


go_id: GO:0008489
term: UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.


go_id: GO:0008490
term: arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


go_id: GO:0008493
term: tetracycline transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


go_id: GO:0008494
term: translation activator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


go_id: GO:0008495
term: protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008496
term: mannan endo-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.


go_id: GO:0008499
term: UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


go_id: GO:0008502
term: melatonin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.


go_id: GO:0008503
term: benzodiazepine receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0008504
term: monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0008506
term: sucrose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0008507
term: sodium:iodide symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008508
term: bile acid:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008510
term: sodium:bicarbonate symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


go_id: GO:0008511
term: sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).


go_id: GO:0008512
term: sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0008513
term: secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


go_id: GO:0008514
term: organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


go_id: GO:0008515
term: sucrose transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.


go_id: GO:0008516
term: hexose uniporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


go_id: GO:0008517
term: folic acid transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


go_id: GO:0008518
term: folate:anion antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Folate derivative (out) + anion (in) = folate derivative (in) + anion (out). The Reduced Folate Carrier (RCF(SLC19A1) acts by an antiport mechanism. RCF carries several folate derivatives: MTX, PMX, ratitrexed, pralatrexate, 5-methyl THF, and 5-formyl THF.


go_id: GO:0008519
term: ammonium transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.


go_id: GO:0008520
term: L-ascorbate:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0008521
term: acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0008523
term: sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


go_id: GO:0008525
term: phosphatidylcholine transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


go_id: GO:0008526
term: phosphatidylinositol transfer activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Removes phosphatidylinositol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


go_id: GO:0008527
term: taste receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


go_id: GO:0008528
term: G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


go_id: GO:0008532
term: N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


go_id: GO:0008534
term: oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.


go_id: GO:0008535
term: respiratory chain complex IV assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.


go_id: GO:0008537
term: proteasome activator complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.


go_id: GO:0008540
term: proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.


go_id: GO:0008541
term: proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
ontology: CC
definition:
The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


go_id: GO:0008542
term: visual learning
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.


go_id: GO:0008543
term: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


go_id: GO:0008544
term: epidermis development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


go_id: GO:0008545
term: JUN kinase kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.


go_id: GO:0008551
term: P-type cadmium transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


go_id: GO:0008553
term: P-type proton-exporting transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.


go_id: GO:0008554
term: P-type sodium transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.


go_id: GO:0008556
term: P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


go_id: GO:0008564
term: protein-exporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + protein+(out); drives the concomitant secretion of proteins.


go_id: GO:0008566
term: mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.


go_id: GO:0008568
term: microtubule severing ATPase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


go_id: GO:0008569
term: minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0008574
term: plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0008579
term: JUN kinase phosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008582
term: regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions.


go_id: GO:0008583
term: mystery cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008584
term: male gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0008585
term: female gonad development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0008586
term: imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0008587
term: imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.


go_id: GO:0008591
term: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


go_id: GO:0008594
term: photoreceptor cell morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0008595
term: anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.


go_id: GO:0008597
term: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase regulator activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and modulates of the activity of the enzyme calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase.


go_id: GO:0008608
term: attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.


go_id: GO:0008609
term: alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


go_id: GO:0008610
term: lipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


go_id: GO:0008611
term: ether lipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


go_id: GO:0008612
term: peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


go_id: GO:0008613
term: diuretic hormone activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The action characteristic of a diuretic hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, regulates water balance and fluid secretion.


go_id: GO:0008614
term: pyridoxine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008615
term: pyridoxine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


go_id: GO:0008616
term: queuosine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


go_id: GO:0008617
term: guanosine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


go_id: GO:0008618
term: 7-methylguanosine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


go_id: GO:0008622
term: epsilon DNA polymerase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.


go_id: GO:0008623
term: CHRAC
ontology: CC
definition:
An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


go_id: GO:0008625
term: extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008626
term: granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells.


go_id: GO:0008627
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008628
term: hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008630
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008631
term: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


go_id: GO:0008635
term: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.


go_id: GO:0008641
term: ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


go_id: GO:0008643
term: carbohydrate transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


go_id: GO:0008645
term: hexose transmembrane transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


go_id: GO:0008649
term: rRNA methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0008650
term: rRNA (uridine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


go_id: GO:0008652
term: cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


go_id: GO:0008653
term: lipopolysaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008654
term: phospholipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phospholipid, a lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


go_id: GO:0008655
term: pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0008656
term: cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


go_id: GO:0008657
term: DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) inhibitor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase catalyzes the DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.


go_id: GO:0008658
term: penicillin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to penicillin, an antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


go_id: GO:0008659
term: (3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008661
term: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO(2).


go_id: GO:0008664
term: 2'-5'-RNA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


go_id: GO:0008666
term: 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H(2)O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


go_id: GO:0008667
term: 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0008668
term: (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008670
term: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008671
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008673
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + ATP = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008674
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0008675
term: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008676
term: 3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + 2 H(+) + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008681
term: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008682
term: 3-demethoxyubiquinol 3-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol + AH2 + O2 = A + a 3-demethylubiquinol + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008685
term: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.


go_id: GO:0008686
term: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008687
term: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O(2) = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008688
term: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008689
term: 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.


go_id: GO:0008690
term: 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.


go_id: GO:0008693
term: 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008695
term: 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


go_id: GO:0008703
term: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008705
term: methionine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0008706
term: 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.


go_id: GO:0008707
term: 4-phytase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008709
term: cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD(+) = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.


go_id: GO:0008713
term: ADP-heptose-lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


go_id: GO:0008725
term: DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


go_id: GO:0008735
term: L-carnitine CoA-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + L-carnitinyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0008745
term: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


go_id: GO:0008750
term: NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


go_id: GO:0008755
term: O antigen polymerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008756
term: o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008758
term: UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.


go_id: GO:0008759
term: UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the removal of an acetyl group from the 2-N position of glucosamine in the lipid A precursor UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008760
term: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008762
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


go_id: GO:0008763
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.


go_id: GO:0008764
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008765
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


go_id: GO:0008766
term: UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


go_id: GO:0008771
term: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).


go_id: GO:0008772
term: [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008779
term: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


go_id: GO:0008780
term: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


go_id: GO:0008788
term: alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008793
term: aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0008794
term: arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.


go_id: GO:0008807
term: carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.


go_id: GO:0008808
term: cardiolipin synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) + glycerol.


go_id: GO:0008810
term: cellulase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


go_id: GO:0008818
term: cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.


go_id: GO:0008819
term: cobinamide kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008820
term: cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H(+) = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008821
term: crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).


go_id: GO:0008825
term: cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.


go_id: GO:0008830
term: dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.


go_id: GO:0008831
term: dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008834
term: di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans-poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + di-trans-poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008835
term: diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H(2)O + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0008839
term: 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


go_id: GO:0008840
term: 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.


go_id: GO:0008842
term: diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


go_id: GO:0008843
term: endochitinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.


go_id: GO:0008847
term: Enterobacter ribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


go_id: GO:0008852
term: exodeoxyribonuclease I activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the degradation of single-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008853
term: exodeoxyribonuclease III activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the degradation of double-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008854
term: exodeoxyribonuclease V activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008855
term: exodeoxyribonuclease VII activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008859
term: exoribonuclease II activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


go_id: GO:0008864
term: formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(2)O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0008871
term: aminoglycoside 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


go_id: GO:0008882
term: [glutamate-ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


go_id: GO:0008883
term: glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP(+) + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008884
term: glutathionylspermidine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + H2O = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine.


go_id: GO:0008885
term: glutathionylspermidine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008886
term: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.


go_id: GO:0008893
term: guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008894
term: guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate diphosphatase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008897
term: holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.


go_id: GO:0008898
term: S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.


go_id: GO:0008900
term: P-type potassium:proton transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


go_id: GO:0008902
term: hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008915
term: lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H(+) + UDP.


go_id: GO:0008917
term: lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008918
term: lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008920
term: lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.


go_id: GO:0008921
term: lipopolysaccharide-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0008922
term: long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


go_id: GO:0008928
term: mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008932
term: lytic endotransglycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.


go_id: GO:0008933
term: lytic transglycosylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


go_id: GO:0008938
term: nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


go_id: GO:0008939
term: nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.


go_id: GO:0008951
term: palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


go_id: GO:0008955
term: peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0008960
term: phosphatidylglycerol-membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0008961
term: phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.


go_id: GO:0008963
term: phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


go_id: GO:0008965
term: phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


go_id: GO:0008972
term: phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


go_id: GO:0008974
term: phosphoribulokinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).


go_id: GO:0008979
term: prophage integrase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.


go_id: GO:0008982
term: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


go_id: GO:0008983
term: protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate 5-methyl ester; this reaction is the methylation of peptidyl-L-glutamate to form peptidyl-L-glutamate 5-methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0008984
term: protein-glutamate methylesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


go_id: GO:0008987
term: quinolinate synthetase A activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


go_id: GO:0008988
term: rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


go_id: GO:0008989
term: rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0008990
term: rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0008995
term: ribonuclease E activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at 5 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


go_id: GO:0008996
term: ribonuclease G activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


go_id: GO:0008997
term: ribonuclease R activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.


go_id: GO:0008998
term: ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.


go_id: GO:0008999
term: peptide-alanine-alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


go_id: GO:0009000
term: selenocysteine lyase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009002
term: serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.


go_id: GO:0009007
term: site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.


go_id: GO:0009009
term: site-specific recombinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


go_id: GO:0009011
term: starch synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


go_id: GO:0009014
term: succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(2)O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


go_id: GO:0009015
term: N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H(2)O + 2 H(+) = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO(2) + 2 NH(4)(+).


go_id: GO:0009016
term: succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


go_id: GO:0009019
term: tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


go_id: GO:0009020
term: tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


go_id: GO:0009025
term: tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009029
term: tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H(+) + lipid IV(a).


go_id: GO:0009035
term: type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.


go_id: GO:0009036
term: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates and 3' hydroxyls. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site; cleavage occurs at or very near this recognition site.


go_id: GO:0009037
term: tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphotyrosyl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a tyrosine in the active site.


go_id: GO:0009044
term: xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


go_id: GO:0009047
term: dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0009048
term: dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome
ontology: BP
definition:
Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.


go_id: GO:0009050
term: glycopeptide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, a compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.


go_id: GO:0009051
term: pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
ontology: BP
definition:
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009052
term: pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
ontology: BP
definition:
The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.


go_id: GO:0009055
term: electron transfer activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0009056
term: catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


go_id: GO:0009057
term: macromolecule catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0009058
term: biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


go_id: GO:0009059
term: macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0009060
term: aerobic respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009061
term: anaerobic respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009062
term: fatty acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


go_id: GO:0009063
term: cellular amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


go_id: GO:0009064
term: glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009065
term: glutamine family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009066
term: aspartate family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009067
term: aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009068
term: aspartate family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


go_id: GO:0009069
term: serine family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009070
term: serine family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009071
term: serine family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


go_id: GO:0009072
term: aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009073
term: aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009074
term: aromatic amino acid family catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


go_id: GO:0009078
term: pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009079
term: pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009080
term: pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


go_id: GO:0009081
term: branched-chain amino acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009082
term: branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009083
term: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


go_id: GO:0009084
term: glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


go_id: GO:0009086
term: methionine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009087
term: methionine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009088
term: threonine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


go_id: GO:0009089
term: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.


go_id: GO:0009090
term: homoserine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0009091
term: homoserine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


go_id: GO:0009092
term: homoserine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


go_id: GO:0009093
term: cysteine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009094
term: L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009095
term: aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.


go_id: GO:0009097
term: isoleucine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009098
term: leucine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009099
term: valine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009100
term: glycoprotein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009101
term: glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009102
term: biotin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.


go_id: GO:0009103
term: lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009104
term: lipopolysaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009106
term: lipoate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009107
term: lipoate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009110
term: vitamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


go_id: GO:0009111
term: vitamin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


go_id: GO:0009112
term: nucleobase metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.


go_id: GO:0009113
term: purine nucleobase biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


go_id: GO:0009114
term: hypoxanthine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


go_id: GO:0009115
term: xanthine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


go_id: GO:0009116
term: nucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).


go_id: GO:0009117
term: nucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009118
term: regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.


go_id: GO:0009119
term: ribonucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


go_id: GO:0009120
term: deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009123
term: nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009124
term: nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009125
term: nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009126
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009127
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009128
term: purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009129
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009130
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009131
term: pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009132
term: nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009133
term: nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009134
term: nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009135
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009136
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009137
term: purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009138
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009139
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009140
term: pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009141
term: nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009142
term: nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009143
term: nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009144
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009145
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009146
term: purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009147
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009148
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009149
term: pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009150
term: purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009151
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009152
term: purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009153
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009154
term: purine ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009155
term: purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009156
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009157
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009158
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009159
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009161
term: ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009162
term: deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009163
term: nucleoside biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009164
term: nucleoside catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


go_id: GO:0009165
term: nucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009166
term: nucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


go_id: GO:0009167
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009168
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009169
term: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009170
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009171
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009172
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009173
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009174
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009175
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009176
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009177
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009178
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009179
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009180
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009181
term: purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009182
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009183
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009184
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009185
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009186
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009187
term: cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009188
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009189
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009190
term: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009191
term: ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009192
term: deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009193
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009194
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009195
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009196
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009197
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009198
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009199
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009200
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009201
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009202
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009203
term: ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009204
term: deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009205
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009206
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009207
term: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009208
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009209
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009210
term: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009211
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009212
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009213
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009214
term: cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


go_id: GO:0009215
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009216
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009217
term: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009218
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009219
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009220
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009221
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009222
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009223
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009225
term: nucleotide-sugar metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009226
term: nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009227
term: nucleotide-sugar catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


go_id: GO:0009228
term: thiamine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


go_id: GO:0009229
term: thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


go_id: GO:0009230
term: thiamine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


go_id: GO:0009231
term: riboflavin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


go_id: GO:0009232
term: riboflavin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


go_id: GO:0009233
term: menaquinone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


go_id: GO:0009234
term: menaquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


go_id: GO:0009235
term: cobalamin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


go_id: GO:0009236
term: cobalamin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


go_id: GO:0009237
term: siderophore metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


go_id: GO:0009238
term: enterobactin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


go_id: GO:0009239
term: enterobactin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


go_id: GO:0009240
term: isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.


go_id: GO:0009242
term: colanic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009243
term: O antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


go_id: GO:0009244
term: lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.


go_id: GO:0009245
term: lipid A biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


go_id: GO:0009246
term: enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009247
term: glycolipid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).


go_id: GO:0009248
term: K antigen biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


go_id: GO:0009250
term: glucan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0009251
term: glucan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


go_id: GO:0009252
term: peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0009253
term: peptidoglycan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


go_id: GO:0009255
term: Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate
ontology: BP
definition:
A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


go_id: GO:0009256
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009257
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009258
term: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


go_id: GO:0009259
term: ribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009260
term: ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009261
term: ribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009262
term: deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009263
term: deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009264
term: deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009265
term: 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009266
term: response to temperature stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009267
term: cellular response to starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


go_id: GO:0009268
term: response to pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0009269
term: response to desiccation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0009270
term: response to humidity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


go_id: GO:0009271
term: phage shock
ontology: BP
definition:
A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


go_id: GO:0009272
term: fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


go_id: GO:0009273
term: peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


go_id: GO:0009274
term: peptidoglycan-based cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.


go_id: GO:0009275
term: Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009276
term: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.


go_id: GO:0009277
term: fungal-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.


go_id: GO:0009279
term: cell outer membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


go_id: GO:0009288
term: bacterial-type flagellum
ontology: CC
definition:
A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.


go_id: GO:0009290
term: DNA import into cell involved in transformation
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of DNA into a cell that contributes to the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell.


go_id: GO:0009291
term: unidirectional conjugation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is  transferred into the recipient cell.


go_id: GO:0009292
term: horizontal gene transfer
ontology: BP
definition:
The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.


go_id: GO:0009293
term: transduction
ontology: BP
definition:
A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus.


go_id: GO:0009294
term: DNA-mediated transformation
ontology: BP
definition:
The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.


go_id: GO:0009295
term: nucleoid
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.


go_id: GO:0009297
term: pilus assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.


go_id: GO:0009298
term: GDP-mannose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0009300
term: antisense RNA transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


go_id: GO:0009303
term: rRNA transcription
ontology: BP
definition:
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


go_id: GO:0009307
term: DNA restriction-modification system
ontology: BP
definition:
A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009308
term: amine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009309
term: amine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009310
term: amine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


go_id: GO:0009311
term: oligosaccharide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009312
term: oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009313
term: oligosaccharide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


go_id: GO:0009314
term: response to radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


go_id: GO:0009316
term: 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.


go_id: GO:0009317
term: acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.


go_id: GO:0009318
term: exodeoxyribonuclease VII complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.


go_id: GO:0009319
term: cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity; consists of four polypeptide subunits and associated prosthetic groups.


go_id: GO:0009321
term: alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.


go_id: GO:0009325
term: nitrate reductase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.


go_id: GO:0009328
term: phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


go_id: GO:0009329
term: acetate CoA-transferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0009331
term: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009332
term: glutamate-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


go_id: GO:0009333
term: cysteine synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.


go_id: GO:0009334
term: 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).


go_id: GO:0009337
term: sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)
ontology: CC
definition:
A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.


go_id: GO:0009338
term: exodeoxyribonuclease V complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.


go_id: GO:0009339
term: glycolate oxidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).


go_id: GO:0009340
term: DNA topoisomerase IV complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, ParC and ParE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.


go_id: GO:0009341
term: beta-galactosidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.


go_id: GO:0009343
term: biotin carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009345
term: glycine-tRNA ligase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).


go_id: GO:0009346
term: ATP-independent citrate lyase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity. This enzyme has only been found in bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009347
term: aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.


go_id: GO:0009348
term: ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A homotrimeric protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group to ornithine, forming citrulline.


go_id: GO:0009349
term: riboflavin synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


go_id: GO:0009353
term: mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase  (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus.


go_id: GO:0009355
term: DNA polymerase V complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.


go_id: GO:0009357
term: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.


go_id: GO:0009359
term: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


go_id: GO:0009360
term: DNA polymerase III complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


go_id: GO:0009361
term: succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


go_id: GO:0009366
term: enterobactin synthetase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


go_id: GO:0009368
term: endopeptidase Clp complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


go_id: GO:0009372
term: quorum sensing
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.


go_id: GO:0009374
term: biotin binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


go_id: GO:0009375
term: ferredoxin hydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.


go_id: GO:0009376
term: HslUV protease complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.


go_id: GO:0009378
term: four-way junction helicase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


go_id: GO:0009379
term: Holliday junction helicase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A DNA helicase complex found at Holliday junctions where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.


go_id: GO:0009380
term: excinuclease repair complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.


go_id: GO:0009381
term: excinuclease ABC activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.


go_id: GO:0009383
term: rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.


go_id: GO:0009386
term: translational attenuation
ontology: BP
definition:
Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.


go_id: GO:0009392
term: N-acetyl-anhydromuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


go_id: GO:0009394
term: 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


go_id: GO:0009395
term: phospholipid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


go_id: GO:0009398
term: FMN biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


go_id: GO:0009399
term: nitrogen fixation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.


go_id: GO:0009401
term: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
ontology: BP
definition:
The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.


go_id: GO:0009403
term: toxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009404
term: toxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009407
term: toxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009408
term: response to heat
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


go_id: GO:0009409
term: response to cold
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


go_id: GO:0009410
term: response to xenobiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


go_id: GO:0009411
term: response to UV
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


go_id: GO:0009413
term: response to flooding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


go_id: GO:0009414
term: response to water deprivation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


go_id: GO:0009415
term: response to water
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


go_id: GO:0009416
term: response to light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


go_id: GO:0009420
term: bacterial-type flagellum filament
ontology: CC
definition:
The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the bacterial-type flagellum, which acts as a propeller.


go_id: GO:0009423
term: chorismate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.


go_id: GO:0009425
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the three major substructures of the bacterial-type flagellum, the basal body is embedded in the cell envelope (the plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and, if one is present, the outer membrane); it houses the secretion apparatus that exports the more distal components and the flagellar motor.


go_id: GO:0009426
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.


go_id: GO:0009427
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane.


go_id: GO:0009428
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer.


go_id: GO:0009429
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, proximal rod
ontology: CC
definition:
The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; the proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor.


go_id: GO:0009431
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, MS ring
ontology: CC
definition:
One of the rings of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane.


go_id: GO:0009433
term: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, C ring
ontology: CC
definition:
Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise.


go_id: GO:0009435
term: NAD biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


go_id: GO:0009436
term: glyoxylate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


go_id: GO:0009437
term: carnitine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


go_id: GO:0009438
term: methylglyoxal metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.


go_id: GO:0009440
term: cyanate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


go_id: GO:0009441
term: glycolate metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


go_id: GO:0009442
term: allantoin assimilation pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.


go_id: GO:0009443
term: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


go_id: GO:0009445
term: putrescine metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009446
term: putrescine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009447
term: putrescine catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


go_id: GO:0009448
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009449
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009450
term: gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


go_id: GO:0009451
term: RNA modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


go_id: GO:0009452
term: 7-methylguanosine RNA capping
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.


go_id: GO:0009453
term: energy taxis
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


go_id: GO:0009486
term: cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].


go_id: GO:0009496
term: plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+)[side 1] + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H(+)[side 2] + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0009503
term: thylakoid light-harvesting complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009504
term: cell plate
ontology: CC
definition:
The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0009505
term: plant-type cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.


go_id: GO:0009506
term: plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009507
term: chloroplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.


go_id: GO:0009509
term: chromoplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.


go_id: GO:0009510
term: plasmodesmatal desmotubule
ontology: CC
definition:
A tightly wound cylinder of membrane that is located within the plasmodesmal pore and runs the length of the plasmodesma. The desmotubule likely provides a rigid stability to plasmodesmata and confers a fixed diameter and pore size to the plasmodesmal canal, and is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum in each of the adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009511
term: plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum
ontology: CC
definition:
Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.


go_id: GO:0009512
term: cytochrome b6f complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


go_id: GO:0009513
term: etioplast
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


go_id: GO:0009514
term: glyoxysome
ontology: CC
definition:
A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.


go_id: GO:0009515
term: granal stacked thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0009519
term: middle lamella
ontology: CC
definition:
Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.


go_id: GO:0009521
term: photosystem
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


go_id: GO:0009522
term: photosystem I
ontology: CC
definition:
A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).


go_id: GO:0009523
term: photosystem II
ontology: CC
definition:
A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.


go_id: GO:0009524
term: phragmoplast
ontology: CC
definition:
Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.


go_id: GO:0009526
term: plastid envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0009530
term: primary cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.


go_id: GO:0009531
term: secondary cell wall
ontology: CC
definition:
A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.


go_id: GO:0009534
term: chloroplast thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009535
term: chloroplast thylakoid membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009536
term: plastid
ontology: CC
definition:
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.


go_id: GO:0009538
term: photosystem I reaction center
ontology: CC
definition:
A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.


go_id: GO:0009539
term: photosystem II reaction center
ontology: CC
definition:
An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.


go_id: GO:0009541
term: etioplast prolamellar body
ontology: CC
definition:
A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0009542
term: granum
ontology: CC
definition:
Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009543
term: chloroplast thylakoid lumen
ontology: CC
definition:
The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009549
term: cellulose microfibril
ontology: CC
definition:
A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.


go_id: GO:0009550
term: primary plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.


go_id: GO:0009551
term: secondary plasmodesma
ontology: CC
definition:
A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.


go_id: GO:0009553
term: embryo sac development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.


go_id: GO:0009554
term: megasporogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.


go_id: GO:0009555
term: pollen development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.


go_id: GO:0009557
term: antipodal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.


go_id: GO:0009558
term: embryo sac cellularization
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009559
term: embryo sac central cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.


go_id: GO:0009560
term: embryo sac egg cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009561
term: megagametogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.


go_id: GO:0009563
term: synergid differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.


go_id: GO:0009566
term: fertilization
ontology: BP
definition:
The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


go_id: GO:0009567
term: double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm
ontology: BP
definition:
Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009568
term: amyloplast starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0009569
term: chloroplast starch grain
ontology: CC
definition:
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


go_id: GO:0009570
term: chloroplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009573
term: chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009574
term: preprophase band
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.


go_id: GO:0009575
term: chromoplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.


go_id: GO:0009578
term: etioplast stroma
ontology: CC
definition:
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.


go_id: GO:0009579
term: thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0009581
term: detection of external stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009582
term: detection of abiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009583
term: detection of light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009584
term: detection of visible light
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


go_id: GO:0009585
term: red, far-red light phototransduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.


go_id: GO:0009588
term: UV-A, blue light phototransduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


go_id: GO:0009589
term: detection of UV
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


go_id: GO:0009590
term: detection of gravity
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009593
term: detection of chemical stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009594
term: detection of nutrient
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009595
term: detection of biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009597
term: detection of virus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009600
term: detection of nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009601
term: detection of insect
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009602
term: detection of symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0009603
term: detection of symbiotic fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009604
term: detection of symbiotic bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009605
term: response to external stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009606
term: tropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009607
term: response to biotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


go_id: GO:0009608
term: response to symbiont
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


go_id: GO:0009609
term: response to symbiotic bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


go_id: GO:0009610
term: response to symbiotic fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.


go_id: GO:0009611
term: response to wounding
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.


go_id: GO:0009612
term: response to mechanical stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009615
term: response to virus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


go_id: GO:0009616
term: RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response
ontology: BP
definition:
A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of  regulatory RNAs that protects against foreign organism invasion by restricting viral replication and dissemination.


go_id: GO:0009617
term: response to bacterium
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


go_id: GO:0009620
term: response to fungus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.


go_id: GO:0009624
term: response to nematode
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


go_id: GO:0009625
term: response to insect
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


go_id: GO:0009628
term: response to abiotic stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009629
term: response to gravity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009631
term: cold acclimation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


go_id: GO:0009635
term: response to herbicide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.


go_id: GO:0009636
term: response to toxic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009637
term: response to blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


go_id: GO:0009638
term: phototropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009639
term: response to red or far red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0009640
term: photomorphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009641
term: shade avoidance
ontology: BP
definition:
Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


go_id: GO:0009642
term: response to light intensity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009643
term: photosynthetic acclimation
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.


go_id: GO:0009644
term: response to high light intensity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009645
term: response to low light intensity stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


go_id: GO:0009646
term: response to absence of light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


go_id: GO:0009648
term: photoperiodism
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


go_id: GO:0009650
term: UV protection
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.


go_id: GO:0009651
term: response to salt stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0009652
term: thigmotropism
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


go_id: GO:0009653
term: anatomical structure morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


go_id: GO:0009654
term: photosystem II oxygen evolving complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).


go_id: GO:0009655
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009656
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.


go_id: GO:0009657
term: plastid organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009658
term: chloroplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0009659
term: leucoplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


go_id: GO:0009660
term: amyloplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


go_id: GO:0009661
term: chromoplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.


go_id: GO:0009662
term: etioplast organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


go_id: GO:0009663
term: plasmodesma organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0009664
term: plant-type cell wall organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009666
term: plastid outer membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009667
term: plastid inner membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009668
term: plastid membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.


go_id: GO:0009669
term: sucrose:cation symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


go_id: GO:0009670
term: triose-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: triose-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = triose-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


go_id: GO:0009671
term: nitrate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009672
term: auxin:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: auxin(out) + H+(out) = auxin(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009673
term: low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009674
term: potassium:sodium symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).


go_id: GO:0009675
term: high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009676
term: low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


go_id: GO:0009677
term: double fertilization forming two zygotes
ontology: BP
definition:
Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.


go_id: GO:0009678
term: pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transport of one proton (H+), driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, and generating a proton motive force.


go_id: GO:0009679
term: hexose:proton symporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0009682
term: induced systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


go_id: GO:0009683
term: indoleacetic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


go_id: GO:0009684
term: indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


go_id: GO:0009685
term: gibberellin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009686
term: gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009687
term: abscisic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009688
term: abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009689
term: induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.


go_id: GO:0009690
term: cytokinin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009691
term: cytokinin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009692
term: ethylene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


go_id: GO:0009693
term: ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


go_id: GO:0009694
term: jasmonic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


go_id: GO:0009695
term: jasmonic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative.


go_id: GO:0009696
term: salicylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009697
term: salicylic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009699
term: phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


go_id: GO:0009700
term: indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


go_id: GO:0009701
term: isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


go_id: GO:0009704
term: de-etiolation
ontology: BP
definition:
The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.


go_id: GO:0009705
term: plant-type vacuole membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009706
term: chloroplast inner membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.


go_id: GO:0009708
term: benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


go_id: GO:0009709
term: terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


go_id: GO:0009710
term: tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


go_id: GO:0009711
term: purine alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


go_id: GO:0009712
term: catechol-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


go_id: GO:0009713
term: catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


go_id: GO:0009714
term: chalcone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


go_id: GO:0009715
term: chalcone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


go_id: GO:0009716
term: flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


go_id: GO:0009717
term: isoflavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009718
term: anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


go_id: GO:0009719
term: response to endogenous stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


go_id: GO:0009720
term: detection of hormone stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009721
term: detection of auxin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009722
term: detection of cytokinin stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009723
term: response to ethylene
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009724
term: detection of abscisic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009725
term: response to hormone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009726
term: detection of endogenous stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009727
term: detection of ethylene stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009728
term: detection of gibberellic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009729
term: detection of brassinosteroid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009730
term: detection of carbohydrate stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009731
term: detection of sucrose stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009732
term: detection of hexose stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009733
term: response to auxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009734
term: auxin-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone auxin to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009735
term: response to cytokinin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009736
term: cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009737
term: response to abscisic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009738
term: abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009739
term: response to gibberellin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009741
term: response to brassinosteroid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009743
term: response to carbohydrate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009744
term: response to sucrose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009746
term: response to hexose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009749
term: response to glucose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009750
term: response to fructose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009751
term: response to salicylic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009752
term: detection of salicylic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0009753
term: response to jasmonic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009754
term: detection of jasmonic acid stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.


go_id: GO:0009758
term: carbohydrate utilization
ontology: BP
definition:
A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


go_id: GO:0009759
term: indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009760
term: C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


go_id: GO:0009761
term: CAM photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009762
term: NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009763
term: NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


go_id: GO:0009764
term: PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


go_id: GO:0009765
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting
ontology: BP
definition:
Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.


go_id: GO:0009767
term: photosynthetic electron transport chain
ontology: BP
definition:
A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


go_id: GO:0009768
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I
ontology: BP
definition:
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009769
term: photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II
ontology: BP
definition:
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


go_id: GO:0009772
term: photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0009773
term: photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


go_id: GO:0009777
term: photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.


go_id: GO:0009778
term: cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0009779
term: noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
ontology: BP
definition:
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0009780
term: photosynthetic NADP+ reduction
ontology: BP
definition:
An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.


go_id: GO:0009782
term: photosystem I antenna complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


go_id: GO:0009783
term: photosystem II antenna complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


go_id: GO:0009784
term: transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009785
term: blue light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.


go_id: GO:0009788
term: negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


go_id: GO:0009789
term: positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


go_id: GO:0009790
term: embryo development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.


go_id: GO:0009791
term: post-embryonic development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.


go_id: GO:0009792
term: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


go_id: GO:0009793
term: embryo development ending in seed dormancy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009794
term: regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.


go_id: GO:0009799
term: specification of symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.


go_id: GO:0009800
term: cinnamic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009801
term: cinnamic acid ester metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009802
term: cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


go_id: GO:0009804
term: coumarin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


go_id: GO:0009805
term: coumarin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


go_id: GO:0009806
term: lignan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


go_id: GO:0009807
term: lignan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


go_id: GO:0009808
term: lignin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


go_id: GO:0009809
term: lignin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.


go_id: GO:0009810
term: stilbene metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.


go_id: GO:0009811
term: stilbene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


go_id: GO:0009812
term: flavonoid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.


go_id: GO:0009813
term: flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


go_id: GO:0009815
term: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O(2) = CO(2) + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H(2)O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.


go_id: GO:0009819
term: drought recovery
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.


go_id: GO:0009820
term: alkaloid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009821
term: alkaloid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009822
term: alkaloid catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


go_id: GO:0009823
term: cytokinin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.


go_id: GO:0009824
term: AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0009825
term: multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes.


go_id: GO:0009826
term: unidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.


go_id: GO:0009827
term: plant-type cell wall modification
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009828
term: plant-type cell wall loosening
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009829
term: cell wall modification involved in fruit ripening
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.


go_id: GO:0009830
term: cell wall modification involved in abscission
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


go_id: GO:0009831
term: plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009832
term: plant-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009833
term: plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009834
term: plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009835
term: fruit ripening
ontology: BP
definition:
An developmental maturation process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.


go_id: GO:0009836
term: fruit ripening, climacteric
ontology: BP
definition:
A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.


go_id: GO:0009842
term: cyanelle
ontology: CC
definition:
A plastid that contains unstacked, phycobilisome-bearing thylakoid membranes and is surrounded by a double membrane with a peptidoglycan layer in the intermembrane space between the two envelope membranes. Cyanelles are characteristic of algae in the class Glaucophyta, and may represent an ancestral form of plastid.


go_id: GO:0009843
term: cyanelle thylakoid
ontology: CC
definition:
A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.


go_id: GO:0009845
term: seed germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.


go_id: GO:0009846
term: pollen germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.


go_id: GO:0009847
term: spore germination
ontology: BP
definition:
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).


go_id: GO:0009848
term: indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009849
term: tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indoleacetic acid, independent of tryptophan.


go_id: GO:0009850
term: auxin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009851
term: auxin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009852
term: auxin catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


go_id: GO:0009853
term: photorespiration
ontology: BP
definition:
A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


go_id: GO:0009854
term: oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).


go_id: GO:0009855
term: determination of bilateral symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.


go_id: GO:0009856
term: pollination
ontology: BP
definition:
The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion.


go_id: GO:0009861
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


go_id: GO:0009862
term: systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.


go_id: GO:0009866
term: induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009868
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009871
term: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


go_id: GO:0009873
term: ethylene-activated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


go_id: GO:0009879
term: determination of radial symmetry
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.


go_id: GO:0009881
term: photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009882
term: blue light photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009883
term: red or far-red light photoreceptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


go_id: GO:0009884
term: cytokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0009885
term: transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009886
term: post-embryonic animal morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


go_id: GO:0009887
term: animal organ morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


go_id: GO:0009888
term: tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0009889
term: regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009890
term: negative regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009891
term: positive regulation of biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


go_id: GO:0009892
term: negative regulation of metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


go_id: GO:0009893
term: positive regulation of metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


go_id: GO:0009894
term: regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009895
term: negative regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009896
term: positive regulation of catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


go_id: GO:0009897
term: external side of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


go_id: GO:0009898
term: cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


go_id: GO:0009900
term: dehiscence
ontology: BP
definition:
The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.


go_id: GO:0009902
term: chloroplast relocation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.


go_id: GO:0009903
term: chloroplast avoidance movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.


go_id: GO:0009904
term: chloroplast accumulation movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0009906
term: response to photoperiod, blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


go_id: GO:0009907
term: response to photoperiod, red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.


go_id: GO:0009908
term: flower development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.


go_id: GO:0009913
term: epidermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0009914
term: hormone transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0009915
term: phloem sucrose loading
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.


go_id: GO:0009916
term: alternative oxidase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.


go_id: GO:0009920
term: cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0009921
term: auxin efflux carrier complex
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.


go_id: GO:0009923
term: fatty acid elongase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of fatty acids chains 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.


go_id: GO:0009925
term: basal plasma membrane
ontology: CC
definition:
The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.


go_id: GO:0009926
term: auxin polar transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.


go_id: GO:0009927
term: histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.


go_id: GO:0009931
term: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


go_id: GO:0009933
term: meristem structural organization
ontology: BP
definition:
Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


go_id: GO:0009938
term: negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


go_id: GO:0009939
term: positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


go_id: GO:0009940
term: amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles.


go_id: GO:0009941
term: chloroplast envelope
ontology: CC
definition:
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


go_id: GO:0009942
term: longitudinal axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.


go_id: GO:0009943
term: adaxial/abaxial axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009944
term: polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009945
term: radial axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.


go_id: GO:0009946
term: proximal/distal axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


go_id: GO:0009947
term: centrolateral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.


go_id: GO:0009948
term: anterior/posterior axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


go_id: GO:0009950
term: dorsal/ventral axis specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009952
term: anterior/posterior pattern specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


go_id: GO:0009953
term: dorsal/ventral pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


go_id: GO:0009954
term: proximal/distal pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


go_id: GO:0009955
term: adaxial/abaxial pattern specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


go_id: GO:0009956
term: radial pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


go_id: GO:0009957
term: epidermal cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0009960
term: endosperm development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.


go_id: GO:0009961
term: response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009962
term: regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009963
term: positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009964
term: negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


go_id: GO:0009969
term: xyloglucan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


go_id: GO:0009970
term: cellular response to sulfate starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.


go_id: GO:0009971
term: anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.


go_id: GO:0009974
term: zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


go_id: GO:0009976
term: tocopherol cyclase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).


go_id: GO:0009977
term: proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.


go_id: GO:0009979
term: 16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.


go_id: GO:0009982
term: pseudouridine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


go_id: GO:0009987
term: cellular process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


go_id: GO:0009990
term: contact guidance
ontology: BP
definition:
Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.


go_id: GO:0009991
term: response to extracellular stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


go_id: GO:0009994
term: oocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.


go_id: GO:0009997
term: negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0010001
term: glial cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.


go_id: GO:0010002
term: cardioblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


go_id: GO:0010004
term: gastrulation involving germ band extension
ontology: BP
definition:
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


go_id: GO:0010005
term: cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
ontology: CC
definition:
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


go_id: GO:0010007
term: magnesium chelatase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.


go_id: GO:0010014
term: meristem initiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


go_id: GO:0010015
term: root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.


go_id: GO:0010016
term: shoot system morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


go_id: GO:0010017
term: red or far-red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010018
term: far-red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010019
term: chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


go_id: GO:0010020
term: chloroplast fission
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.


go_id: GO:0010021
term: amylopectin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.


go_id: GO:0010022
term: meristem determinacy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


go_id: GO:0010024
term: phytochromobilin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


go_id: GO:0010025
term: wax biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


go_id: GO:0010026
term: trichome differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010027
term: thylakoid membrane organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.


go_id: GO:0010028
term: xanthophyll cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


go_id: GO:0010031
term: circumnutation
ontology: BP
definition:
The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.


go_id: GO:0010033
term: response to organic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010034
term: response to acetate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010035
term: response to inorganic substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010036
term: response to boron-containing substance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010037
term: response to carbon dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010038
term: response to metal ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010039
term: response to iron ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010040
term: response to iron(II) ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010041
term: response to iron(III) ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010042
term: response to manganese ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010043
term: response to zinc ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010044
term: response to aluminum ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010045
term: response to nickel cation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010046
term: response to mycotoxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


go_id: GO:0010048
term: vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010050
term: vegetative phase change
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


go_id: GO:0010051
term: xylem and phloem pattern formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010053
term: root epidermal cell differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.


go_id: GO:0010054
term: trichoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.


go_id: GO:0010055
term: atrichoblast differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


go_id: GO:0010065
term: primary meristem tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.


go_id: GO:0010067
term: procambium histogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.


go_id: GO:0010069
term: zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010070
term: zygote asymmetric cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


go_id: GO:0010072
term: primary shoot apical meristem specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


go_id: GO:0010074
term: maintenance of meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010076
term: maintenance of floral meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010077
term: maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010078
term: maintenance of root meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010079
term: maintenance of vegetative meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010087
term: phloem or xylem histogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010090
term: trichome morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010091
term: trichome branching
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


go_id: GO:0010092
term: specification of animal organ identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010093
term: specification of floral organ identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010094
term: specification of carpel identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010095
term: specification of petal identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010096
term: specification of sepal identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010097
term: specification of stamen identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


go_id: GO:0010098
term: suspensor development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.


go_id: GO:0010101
term: post-embryonic root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.


go_id: GO:0010102
term: lateral root morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


go_id: GO:0010103
term: stomatal complex morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010106
term: cellular response to iron ion starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


go_id: GO:0010108
term: detection of glutamine
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a glutamine stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0010111
term: glyoxysome organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.


go_id: GO:0010113
term: negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


go_id: GO:0010114
term: response to red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010115
term: regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0010116
term: positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.


go_id: GO:0010117
term: photoprotection
ontology: BP
definition:
Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0010118
term: stomatal movement
ontology: BP
definition:
The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


go_id: GO:0010121
term: arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.


go_id: GO:0010122
term: arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


go_id: GO:0010123
term: acetate catabolic process to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol
ontology: BP
definition:
The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate to form butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol.


go_id: GO:0010125
term: mycothiol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


go_id: GO:0010126
term: mycothiol metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.


go_id: GO:0010127
term: mycothiol-dependent detoxification
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


go_id: GO:0010128
term: benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


go_id: GO:0010129
term: anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0010130
term: anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


go_id: GO:0010132
term: dhurrin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


go_id: GO:0010133
term: proline catabolic process to glutamate
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.


go_id: GO:0010134
term: sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


go_id: GO:0010135
term: ureide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


go_id: GO:0010136
term: ureide catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.


go_id: GO:0010137
term: ureide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


go_id: GO:0010138
term: pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0010139
term: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.


go_id: GO:0010142
term: farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


go_id: GO:0010143
term: cutin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


go_id: GO:0010144
term: pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.


go_id: GO:0010145
term: fructan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010146
term: fructan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010147
term: fructan catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


go_id: GO:0010150
term: leaf senescence
ontology: BP
definition:
The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


go_id: GO:0010152
term: pollen maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.


go_id: GO:0010154
term: fruit development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


go_id: GO:0010155
term: regulation of proton transport
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010157
term: response to chlorate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010158
term: abaxial cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0010159
term: specification of animal organ position
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.


go_id: GO:0010160
term: formation of animal organ boundary
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


go_id: GO:0010161
term: red light signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010162
term: seed dormancy process
ontology: BP
definition:
A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


go_id: GO:0010164
term: response to cesium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010165
term: response to X-ray
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


go_id: GO:0010167
term: response to nitrate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010168
term: ER body
ontology: CC
definition:
A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


go_id: GO:0010169
term: thioglucosidase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.


go_id: GO:0010170
term: glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.


go_id: GO:0010174
term: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


go_id: GO:0010176
term: homogentisate phytyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010177
term: 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.


go_id: GO:0010181
term: FMN binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


go_id: GO:0010182
term: sugar mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


go_id: GO:0010184
term: cytokinin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010188
term: response to microbial phytotoxin
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


go_id: GO:0010189
term: vitamin E biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


go_id: GO:0010190
term: cytochrome b6f complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


go_id: GO:0010192
term: mucilage biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


go_id: GO:0010193
term: response to ozone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010196
term: nonphotochemical quenching
ontology: BP
definition:
The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


go_id: GO:0010197
term: polar nucleus fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


go_id: GO:0010198
term: synergid death
ontology: BP
definition:
Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


go_id: GO:0010199
term: organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.


go_id: GO:0010200
term: response to chitin
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010201
term: response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


go_id: GO:0010202
term: response to low fluence red light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.


go_id: GO:0010203
term: response to very low fluence red light stimulus
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


go_id: GO:0010205
term: photoinhibition
ontology: BP
definition:
The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010206
term: photosystem II repair
ontology: BP
definition:
Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


go_id: GO:0010207
term: photosystem II assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


go_id: GO:0010209
term: vacuolar sorting signal binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.


go_id: GO:0010212
term: response to ionizing radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


go_id: GO:0010213
term: non-photoreactive DNA repair
ontology: BP
definition:
A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


go_id: GO:0010214
term: seed coat development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010215
term: cellulose microfibril organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


go_id: GO:0010217
term: cellular aluminum ion homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions at the level of a cell.


go_id: GO:0010218
term: response to far red light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


go_id: GO:0010219
term: regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010220
term: positive regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010221
term: negative regulation of vernalization response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.


go_id: GO:0010223
term: secondary shoot formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.


go_id: GO:0010224
term: response to UV-B
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


go_id: GO:0010225
term: response to UV-C
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


go_id: GO:0010226
term: response to lithium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010228
term: vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem
ontology: BP
definition:
The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010229
term: inflorescence development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010230
term: alternative respiration
ontology: BP
definition:
Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


go_id: GO:0010232
term: vascular transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.


go_id: GO:0010233
term: phloem transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within the phloem during long distance transport between source and sink tissues.


go_id: GO:0010234
term: anther wall tapetum cell fate specification
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


go_id: GO:0010235
term: guard mother cell cytokinesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.


go_id: GO:0010236
term: plastoquinone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0010238
term: response to proline
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010239
term: chloroplast mRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0010240
term: plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


go_id: GO:0010241
term: ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid
ontology: BP
definition:
The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


go_id: GO:0010242
term: oxygen evolving activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


go_id: GO:0010243
term: response to organonitrogen compound
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


go_id: GO:0010244
term: response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


go_id: GO:0010246
term: rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010247
term: detection of phosphate ion
ontology: BP
definition:
The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


go_id: GO:0010248
term: establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010250
term: S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


go_id: GO:0010252
term: auxin homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
A homeostatic process that maintains an endogenous steady-state concentration of primary auxin, or constant level of auxin in a biological system, by a number of biochemical processes including transport, biosynthesis, catabolism and conjugation.


go_id: GO:0010253
term: UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010254
term: nectary development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010255
term: glucose mediated signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


go_id: GO:0010256
term: endomembrane system organization
ontology: BP
definition:
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.


go_id: GO:0010257
term: NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


go_id: GO:0010258
term: NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.


go_id: GO:0010259
term: multicellular organism aging
ontology: BP
definition:
An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).


go_id: GO:0010262
term: somatic embryogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


go_id: GO:0010263
term: tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


go_id: GO:0010264
term: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


go_id: GO:0010265
term: SCF complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


go_id: GO:0010266
term: response to vitamin B1
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010267
term: ta-siRNA processing
ontology: BP
definition:
A process leading to the generation of a functional trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA). ta-siRNAs function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.


go_id: GO:0010268
term: brassinosteroid homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.


go_id: GO:0010269
term: response to selenium ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


go_id: GO:0010270
term: photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


go_id: GO:0010271
term: regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.


go_id: GO:0010272
term: response to silver ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010273
term: detoxification of copper ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.


go_id: GO:0010275
term: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


go_id: GO:0010277
term: chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.


go_id: GO:0010278
term: chloroplast outer membrane translocon
ontology: CC
definition:
The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


go_id: GO:0010279
term: indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.


go_id: GO:0010282
term: senescence-associated vacuole
ontology: CC
definition:
A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.


go_id: GO:0010285
term: L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H(2)O + H(+).


go_id: GO:0010287
term: plastoglobule
ontology: CC
definition:
A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


go_id: GO:0010288
term: response to lead ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010289
term: homogalacturonan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


go_id: GO:0010290
term: chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


go_id: GO:0010291
term: carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


go_id: GO:0010295
term: (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H(2)O + NADP(+).


go_id: GO:0010296
term: prenylcysteine methylesterase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


go_id: GO:0010297
term: heteropolysaccharide binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to a heteropolysaccharide, a glycan composed of more than one type of monosaccharide residue.


go_id: GO:0010299
term: detoxification of cobalt ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.


go_id: GO:0010303
term: limit dextrinase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.


go_id: GO:0010304
term: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010306
term: rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


go_id: GO:0010308
term: acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


go_id: GO:0010309
term: acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H(+).


go_id: GO:0010310
term: regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


go_id: GO:0010311
term: lateral root formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


go_id: GO:0010312
term: detoxification of zinc ion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


go_id: GO:0010314
term: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.


go_id: GO:0010315
term: auxin export across the plasma membrane
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of auxins from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


go_id: GO:0010316
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010317
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


go_id: GO:0010318
term: pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex
ontology: CC
definition:
Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


go_id: GO:0010319
term: stromule
ontology: CC
definition:
Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.


go_id: GO:0010321
term: regulation of vegetative phase change
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


go_id: GO:0010322
term: regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


go_id: GO:0010323
ontology: BP
term:
negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway

definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).


go_id: GO:0010325
term: raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).


go_id: GO:0010330
term: cellulose synthase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


go_id: GO:0010332
term: response to gamma radiation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


go_id: GO:0010333
term: terpene synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


go_id: GO:0010334
term: sesquiterpene synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


go_id: GO:0010335
term: response to non-ionic osmotic stress
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


go_id: GO:0010336
term: gibberellic acid homeostasis
ontology: BP
definition:
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.


go_id: GO:0010337
term: regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.


go_id: GO:0010338
term: leaf formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0010340
term: carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0010341
term: gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


go_id: GO:0010342
term: endosperm cellularization
ontology: BP
definition:
The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


go_id: GO:0010343
term: singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0010344
term: seed oilbody biogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.


go_id: GO:0010345
term: suberin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


go_id: GO:0010346
term: shoot axis formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


go_id: GO:0010348
term: lithium:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0010350
term: cellular response to magnesium starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


go_id: GO:0010351
term: lithium ion transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


go_id: GO:0010353
term: response to trehalose
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010355
term: homogentisate farnesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010356
term: homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.


go_id: GO:0010357
term: homogentisate solanesyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


go_id: GO:0010358
term: leaf shaping
ontology: BP
definition:
The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.


go_id: GO:0010360
term: negative regulation of anion channel activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010362
term: negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010363
term: regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
ontology: BP
definition:
Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


go_id: GO:0010365
term: positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


go_id: GO:0010366
term: negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.


go_id: GO:0010367
term: extracellular isoamylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


go_id: GO:0010368
term: chloroplast isoamylase complex
ontology: CC
definition:
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


go_id: GO:0010369
term: chromocenter
ontology: CC
definition:
A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions from more than one chromosomes form a compact structure.


go_id: GO:0010371
term: regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010372
term: positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010373
term: negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.


go_id: GO:0010374
term: stomatal complex development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010375
term: stomatal complex patterning
ontology: BP
definition:
The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010376
term: stomatal complex formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


go_id: GO:0010377
term: guard cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


go_id: GO:0010378
term: temperature compensation of the circadian clock
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


go_id: GO:0010379
term: phaseic acid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).


go_id: GO:0010380
term: regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


go_id: GO:0010381
term: peroxisome-chloroplast membrane tethering
ontology: BP
definition:
The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


go_id: GO:0010384
term: cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0010385
term: double-stranded methylated DNA binding
ontology: MF
definition:
Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


go_id: GO:0010387
term: COP9 signalosome assembly
ontology: BP
definition:
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.


go_id: GO:0010389
term: regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
ontology: BP
definition:
Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010391
term: glucomannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


go_id: GO:0010392
term: galactoglucomannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


go_id: GO:0010393
term: galacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0010394
term: homogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


go_id: GO:0010395
term: rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


go_id: GO:0010396
term: rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


go_id: GO:0010397
term: apiogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


go_id: GO:0010398
term: xylogalacturonan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


go_id: GO:0010399
term: rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


go_id: GO:0010401
term: pectic galactan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010402
term: pectic arabinan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010403
term: pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.


go_id: GO:0010404
term: cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


go_id: GO:0010405
term: arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


go_id: GO:0010406
term: classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.


go_id: GO:0010407
term: non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.


go_id: GO:0010408
term: fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


go_id: GO:0010409
term: extensin metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


go_id: GO:0010410
term: hemicellulose metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


go_id: GO:0010411
term: xyloglucan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


go_id: GO:0010412
term: mannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.


go_id: GO:0010413
term: glucuronoxylan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


go_id: GO:0010414
term: glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.


go_id: GO:0010415
term: unsubstituted mannan metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


go_id: GO:0010416
term: arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


go_id: GO:0010417
term: glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


go_id: GO:0010418
term: rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.


go_id: GO:0010419
term: rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


go_id: GO:0010420
term: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


go_id: GO:0010421
term: hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
ontology: BP
definition:
Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


go_id: GO:0010422
term: regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


go_id: GO:0010423
term: negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


go_id: GO:0010424
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


go_id: GO:0010425
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010426
term: DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence
ontology: BP
definition:
The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


go_id: GO:0010430
term: fatty acid omega-oxidation
ontology: BP
definition:
A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


go_id: GO:0010431
term: seed maturation
ontology: BP
definition:
A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.


go_id: GO:0010432
term: bract development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010433
term: bract morphogenesis
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010434
term: bract formation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


go_id: GO:0010435
term: 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


go_id: GO:0010438
term: cellular response to sulfur starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


go_id: GO:0010439
term: regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


go_id: GO:0010440
term: stomatal lineage progression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.


go_id: GO:0010441
term: guard cell development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


go_id: GO:0010443
term: meristemoid mother cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.


go_id: GO:0010445
term: nuclear dicing body
ontology: CC
definition:
A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.


go_id: GO:0010446
term: response to alkaline pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0010447
term: response to acidic pH
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


go_id: GO:0010448
term: vegetative meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.


go_id: GO:0010449
term: root meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.


go_id: GO:0010450
term: inflorescence meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.


go_id: GO:0010451
term: floral meristem growth
ontology: BP
definition:
The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.


go_id: GO:0010452
term: histone H3-K36 methylation
ontology: BP
definition:
The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


go_id: GO:0010453
term: regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010454
term: negative regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010455
term: positive regulation of cell fate commitment
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


go_id: GO:0010456
term: cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


go_id: GO:0010458
term: exit from mitosis
ontology: BP
definition:
The cell cycle transition where a cell leaves M phase and enters a new G1 phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


go_id: GO:0010461
term: light-activated ion channel activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010462
term: regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


go_id: GO:0010463
term: mesenchymal cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


go_id: GO:0010464
term: regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


go_id: GO:0010465
term: nerve growth factor receptor activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0010466
term: negative regulation of peptidase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


go_id: GO:0010467
term: gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


go_id: GO:0010468
term: regulation of gene expression
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


go_id: GO:0010469
term: regulation of signaling receptor activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


go_id: GO:0010470
term: regulation of gastrulation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


go_id: GO:0010471
term: GDP-galactose:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate.


go_id: GO:0010472
term: GDP-galactose:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.


go_id: GO:0010473
term: GDP-galactose:myoinositol-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


go_id: GO:0010477
term: response to sulfur dioxide
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010478
term: chlororespiration
ontology: BP
definition:
A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.


go_id: GO:0010479
term: stele development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.


go_id: GO:0010480
term: microsporocyte differentiation
ontology: BP
definition:
The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.


go_id: GO:0010481
term: epidermal cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


go_id: GO:0010482
term: regulation of epidermal cell division
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


go_id: GO:0010483
term: pollen tube reception
ontology: BP
definition:
Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.


go_id: GO:0010486
term: manganese:proton antiporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).


go_id: GO:0010487
term: thermospermine synthase activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.


go_id: GO:0010492
term: maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


go_id: GO:0010493
term: Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.


go_id: GO:0010494
term: cytoplasmic stress granule
ontology: CC
definition:
A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


go_id: GO:0010495
term: siRNA-mediated long-distance post-transcriptional gene silencing
ontology: BP
definition:
An siRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs, and in which the silencing signal originates in one tissue and occurs in a different tissue.


go_id: GO:0010497
term: plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


go_id: GO:0010498
term: proteasomal protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


go_id: GO:0010499
term: proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.


go_id: GO:0010500
term: transmitting tissue development
ontology: BP
definition:
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.


go_id: GO:0010506
term: regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010507
term: negative regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010508
term: positive regulation of autophagy
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


go_id: GO:0010510
term: regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


go_id: GO:0010511
term: regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010512
term: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010513
term: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


go_id: GO:0010514
term: induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.


go_id: GO:0010515
term: negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


go_id: GO:0010516
term: negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


go_id: GO:0010517
term: regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010518
term: positive regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010519
term: negative regulation of phospholipase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


go_id: GO:0010520
term: regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010522
term: regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010523
term: negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010524
term: positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


go_id: GO:0010525
term: regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010526
term: negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010527
term: positive regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.


go_id: GO:0010528
term: regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010529
term: negative regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010530
term: positive regulation of transposition
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.


go_id: GO:0010533
term: regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010536
term: positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


go_id: GO:0010540
term: basipetal auxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


go_id: GO:0010541
term: acropetal auxin transport
ontology: BP
definition:
The unidirectional movement of auxin from the base towards the apex of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.


go_id: GO:0010542
term: nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity
ontology: MF
definition:
Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


go_id: GO:0010543
term: regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0010544
term: negative regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0010550
term: regulation of PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


go_id: GO:0010555
term: response to mannitol
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


go_id: GO:0010556
term: regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010557
term: positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010558
term: negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


go_id: GO:0010559
term: regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010560
term: positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010561
term: negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


go_id: GO:0010562
term: positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


go_id: GO:0010563
term: negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


go_id: GO:0010564
term: regulation of cell cycle process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


go_id: GO:0010565
term: regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


go_id: GO:0010566
term: regulation of ketone biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010567
term: regulation of ketone catabolic process
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.


go_id: GO:0010568
term: regulation of budding cell apical bud growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


go_id: GO:0010569
term: regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


go_id: GO:0010570
term: regulation of filamentous growth
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


go_id: GO:0010571
term: positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


go_id: GO:0010572
term: positive regulation of platelet activation
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


go_id: GO:0010573
term: vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


go_id: GO:0010574
term: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


go_id: GO:0010575
term: positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


go_id: GO:0010578
term: regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


go_id: GO:0010581
term: regulation of starch biosynthetic process
ontology: BP
definition:
An process which modulate the frequency, rate or extent of starch biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch.


go_id: GO:0010582
term: floral meristem determinacy
ontology: BP
definition:
The process in which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).


go_id: GO:0010583
term: response to cyclopentenone
ontology: BP
definition:
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


